Sputum indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase activity is increased in asthmatic airways by using inhaled corticosteroids Kittipong Maneechotesuwan, MD, PhD, Sirinya.

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Sputum indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase activity is increased in asthmatic airways by using inhaled corticosteroids Kittipong Maneechotesuwan, MD, PhD, Sirinya Supawita, MD, Kanda Kasetsinsombat, MSc, Adisak Wongkajornsilp, MD, PhD, Peter J. Barnes, DSc, FRCP Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 121, Issue 1, Pages 43-50 (January 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.011 Copyright © 2008 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 IDO and IL-10 expression in sputum cells from ICS-treated asthmatic patients: A, IDO-expressing macrophages and epithelial cells (indicated by arrows); B, negative control; C, mean percentage value ± SEM of specific cell types that are IDO positive before and after ICS treatment (n = 11); D, IL-10–positive macrophages (indicated by arrows); E, negative control. Original magnification ×100. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2008 121, 43-50DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.011) Copyright © 2008 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 The expression of IDO activity in sputum among nonasthmatic control subjects, steroid-naive subjects, and asthmatic individuals in response to ICS or ICS/LABA treatment (before and after treatment; A) is shown. The results are presented as the mean ± SEM. Relationship between IDO activity and sputum eosinophilia before ICS (B) and ICS/LABA (C) treatment are shown. Squares represent individual asthmatic patients. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2008 121, 43-50DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.011) Copyright © 2008 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 A and B, Sputum eosinophils in asthmatic individuals during pretreatment and posttreatment with ICS and ICS/LABA, including steroid-naive subjects. C-F, Relationship between IDO activity and eosinophil numbers (Fig 3, C and D) and percentages (Fig 3, E and F) during post-ICS and post-ICS/LABA treatment. G and H, The correlation between changes in IDO activity and FEV1 (Fig 3, G) and PC20 (Fig 3, H) after ICS treatment, as well as after ICS/LABA treatment (not shown; n = 17: P = .028, and r2 = 0.53 for FEV1; P = .009 and r2 = 0.61 for PC20). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2008 121, 43-50DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.011) Copyright © 2008 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 The number of sputum macrophages expressing IL-10 in asthmatic individuals in response to ICS and ICS/LABA treatment (A) is shown. The data are presented as means ± SEM. The correlation between changes (posttreatment/pretreatment) in IDO activity and IL-10−positive macrophage numbers in sputum after ICS (B) and ICS/LABA (C) treatment is also shown. Squares represent asthmatic individuals. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2008 121, 43-50DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.011) Copyright © 2008 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions