America as a World Power The War with Spain and Beyond.

Imperialism Imperialism is Economic and Political domination of a strong nation over weaker nations. Examples? “Pair Share” European states began expanding their influence AGAIN in the late 1800s = the “New Imperialism”

1. History of expansion. Americans have always tried to expand their territory. Manifest Destiny (Move West!) Monroe Doctrine - European powers would no longer colonize or interfere with the affairs of the newly independent nations of the Americas.

American Expansion America noticed the European expansion! The American “West was Settled”, So, many Americans thought America should look for new markets too.

2. Feelings of Superiority Social Darwinism Anglo-Saxonism

Social Darwinism Charles Darwin = Only the strong (species) survives. Social Darwinism = Only the strong people or nation survives.

Anglo-Saxonism The idea that English speaking nations dominate. Josiah Strong (minister) said they had the God Given right to dominate. John Fiske – Expansionist of 1898

3. Economics – New Markets A desire for NEW MARKETS required expansion High Tariffs in Europe slowed trade. New markets overseas restored trade.

New Markets need protection! Nations tried to protect their new markets. Some new markets became colonies. Some became protectorates.

Protectorate Nation A Nation where local rulers remained in charge, but world powers protected the nation. Local rulers had to listen to world power’s advice. Hawaii – Queen Liliuokalani Cuba –after Span-Am War

4. Naval Bases Alfred T. Mahan Naval theorist – Wrote: “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History” Said a nation’s might is determined by their abilities at sea. Caused an improvement in American Navy – New Ships – like the U.S.S. Maine

Old Navy Ships – The Constitution

New Navy – The Maine (Pre-Dreadnought Battleship)

The Great White Fleet

Dreadnought Class Battle Ships

USS Arizona – (PA Class Battleships)

Review Factors leading to American Imperialism

Section 3 Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt Became famous during Spanish American War Assistant Secretary of the Navy Second IN CHARGE of ROUGH RIDERS Nominated as Vice President in election of 1900 Charisma and war fame

Re-Election of McKinley William McKinley was elected to his second term as President in 1900 Defeated William Jennings Bryan again “TR” was elected Vice President.

Assassination of McKinley McKinley was assassinated in 1901. Leon Czolgosz shot him An Anarchist TR became President @ 42 Youngest man to ever be President.

TR - Personality Very active life. Believed in “Horatio Alger” idea of self improvement. Aggressive President Was an imperialist Was a nationalist Believed in Anglo-Saxonism

TR In Asia Supported the “Open Door” policy of Trade. Open Door = Free trade with China Prevented a single nation from monopolizing trade in China.

“Sphere of Influence” Imperialist countries expanded their “Sphere of influence” by leasing parts of China. S.O.I.= the area of economic activity in one country controlled by another country Threat to Open Door Policy

Boxer Rebellion Chinese groups (Yihetuan) wanted foreign influence out of their country Supported by Chinese Imperial Soldiers

“The Alliance of 8”

Russo-Japanese War 1904-05 Russia and Japan battled over trade in China This challenged the Open Door Policy TR worked out peace between the two nations – was given the Nobel Peace Prize for it. 1st American – 1st President to receive.

The Great White Fleet - 1907 Sent “around the world” by TR to showcase American might.

Panama TR established the Panama Canal Zone in 1903 The Canal shortened the distance between Atlantic and Pacific by 8,000 Nautical miles. Military/Strategy: Easier to Defend U.S. Business: Cheaper to transport goods