1. Topic 23 – PART 1 An American Empire
Unit #7
Topic 23 – PART 1
An American Empire

2. APUSH PowerPoint #7.2 (Part 1 of 5)
Unit #7
Chapter 20
BFW Textbook (eBook) – “An Emerging World Power” (1890—1918)
TOPIC – American Imperialism
[ ]

3. I. Toward the New Imperialism

4. Section I Toward the New Imperialism
Main Idea:
Economic and cultural factors convince the United States to join the competition for new markets in territories overseas, including Hawaii.

5. A. Imperialism In a Global Context
Policy in which stronger nations extend their control over weaker territories through colonization.
U.S.S. Maine

6. A. Imperialism In a Global Context (Cont’d . . .)
Economic Sources
Britain, Germany, France, Spain, Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands all competed for raw materials, influence, and new markets created by the Second Industrial Revolution.
Europeans in Asia & Africa
Imperial expansion spread into Asia and Africa which set in motion clashes between European powers.

7. A. Imperialism In a Global Context (Cont’d . . .)
Global Competition
European nations spread their influence throughout the world.
By the late 19th century, the United States joined these colonial nations.
European Colonial Powers
in Africa (1913)

8. B. American Imperialism
Factors for United States Imperialism
Desire for military strength
Thirst for new markets
Cultural superiority

9. B. American Imperialism (Cont’d . . .)
Expansionist Ideals
A small, but influential group of public officials embraced the idea of overseas possessions and included Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, Theodore Roosevelt (Assistant Secretary of the Navy), and Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan.

10. B. American Imperialism (cont’d . . .)
Alfred T. Mahan
United States admiral who wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890).
The premise was that a nation which controlled the world’s oceans could control trade and become a powerful player on the world stage.
Alfred T. Mahan

11. C. Imperialist Theories
Anglo-Saxon Superiority
Social Darwinism was used to justify economic exploitation and territorial conquest.
John Fiske (a historian) authored American Political Ideas Viewed from the Standpoint of Universal History (1885)

12. C. Imperialist Theories (Cont’d . . .)
Christian Mission
Religion also had an impact on imperial ideology.
Josiah Strong (a Congregationalist minister) authored Our Country: Its Possible Future & Its present Crisis (1885) which asserted that the “Anglo-Saxon” embodied civil liberty and “a pure spiritual Christianity” to be “his brother’s keeper.”

13. II. Expansion In the Pacific

14. A. Seward’s Folly William Seward
Secretary of States under Lincoln and Johnson.
Arranged to purchase Alaska (1867) from Russia for $7.2 million.
Alaska was nicknamed, “Seward’s Folly” because it was thought to be a wasteland.
William Seward

15. B. Involvement in Samoa American-Samoan Treaty
In 1878, the United States signed a treaty with Samoa which extended a naval base at Pago Pago.
A peace conference in Berlin eventually established a tripartite protectorate over Samoa with Germany, Britain, and the United States in 1889.

16. C. Relations with Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani
The Hawaiian monarchy established a united kingdom in 1795 and eventually signed a trade agreement in 1875.
American settlers formed an economic elite as Asians became the most numerous group in Hawaii and forced the monarchy to accept a constitution.
In 1890, the McKinley Tariff destroyed the sugar trade on the islands creating turmoil.

17. C. Relations with Hawaii (Cont’d . . .)
Queen Liliuokalani
Monarch of Hawaii ( ) who opposed American influence on the island.
In 1894, she attempted to depose a revolt supported by the provisional government.
In the decades following annexation, she fought for the rights of Hawaiians.
Queen Liliuokalani

18. C. Relations with Hawaii (Cont’d . . .)
Queen Liliuokalani
Marines seized control of the island and a new treaty called for Hawaii to be annexed.
The annexation was opposed by newly-elected Grover Cleveland the Democrats in the Senate.
On July 4, 1894, a new provisional government proclaimed the islands a republic.

19. C. Relations with Hawaii (Cont’d . . .)
Sanford Dole
President of the Republic of Hawaii ( ).
Refused to formally allow Hawaiians to vote to become annexed by the United States.
Sanford Dole

20. C. Relations with Hawaii (Cont’d . . .)
Hawaii Annexed (1898)
Hawaiian annexation was supported by President McKinley – Quoted, “We need Hawaii It is manifest destiny.”
McKinley sent warships and marines to Hawaii and acquired the island with a joint resolution of Congress.
William McKinley

21. C. Relations with Hawaii (Cont’d . . .)
Official Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

22. Manifest Destiny Extends into the Pacific