Global History II Review Thematic Review Global History II Review

Change Neolithic Revolution (11,000 years ago) First farmers and settlements Industrial Revolution (Europe 1700-1800s) Power-driven machinery replaces humans Urbanization, pollution, standard of living h Chinese Communist Revolution (1948) Mao Zedong established a Communist State

Turning Points Fall of Constantinople (1453) End of the Byzantine Empire and emergence of the Ottoman Empire (Muslim Empire) Voyages of Columbus (1492) Started European colonization of Americas French Revolution (1789) Spread of democratic ideals Collapse of Communism in the USSR Ended the Cold War, change in Europe

Belief Systems Hinduism (3,000 years old) Buddhism (500s B.C.) Impact on India, SEA, and the rest of the world Buddhism (500s B.C.) Impact on India- spread throughout Asia Judaism: Monotheistic Christianity: Monotheistic Islam: Monotheistic spread through Middle East and Southeast Asia

Geography and Environment Early River Civilizations (source of life) Early civilizations grew around rivers Chinese Influence on Japan Korea served as a bridge for cultural Industrialization in Britain Natural resources, good harbors Ind. Revolution: Impact on Environment Created pollution, urbanization

Economic Systems Traditional Economy: Subsistence Farming Manorialism: Feudal Europe based on lands surrounding the manor Mercantilism: Nations export more than they import- led to imperialism (colonialism) Capitalism (Market Economy) Means of production are privately owned Marxist Socialism (Command Economy) Communism: state ownership over everything

Political Systems Monarchy: King or Queen central power Autocracy, Divine Right Feudalism: Decentralized government established based on land ownership Democracy: people hold the power to rule Totalitarianism: one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives

Culture and Intellectual Life Roman Civilization Laws, Latin, architecture, engineering Gupta Golden Age Mathematics, Medicine, Arts, Architecture Islamic Golden Age Mathematics and Science African Civilizations Learning and Art developed Renaissance Europe Humanism- importance of the individual (secularism)

Nationalism German and Italian Unification India learned ideas of democracy Devotion to Hindu and Muslim culture Zionism: Desire for a Jewish homeland African Independence Movements 1945 after WWII push for freedom from European powers

Imperialism British in India (Late 1700s-1900s) Industry and infrastructure improved while culture of native Indian people suffered European Powers in Africa (1880s) Carved up continent into colonies Japan: Meiji Restoration led to dominance Imperial Rivalry: competition between European nations leads to World War I

Diversity and Interdependence Byzantine Empire Blended many diverse cultures (preserved) Balkans Religious and ethnic diversity (led to conflict) Global Economy 1900s nations depend on trade (Imperialism) Environmental Issues Environmental decisions effect everyone

Justice and Human Rights Code of Hammurabi (1800 B.C.) First major written code of laws English Bill of Rights Limited power of the monarchy (basic rights) Irish Potato Famine At least 1 million Irish died (migration) Tiananmen Square Students demanded freedom/ killed by state

Movement of People and Goods Muslim Influences on Africa Traders spread religion and culture Silk Road: Trade between China and the Mediterranean world linked cultures Crusades: Late 1000s to 1200s Christians and Muslims fought over Palestine Created a great deal of cultural diffusion Modern Communications: Internet/Satellite

Science and Technology Neolithic Revolution Knowledge to farm, domesticate animals Invention of the Printing Press Allows for the spread of ideas Computer Revolution Society is dependent on digitized information Space Explorations

Conflict Religious Conflicts: Began in ancient times and still exist today in places like Northern Ireland, India, and the Middle East Political Revolutions: Violent revs as people sought freedom and democracy World War I: First modernized, fully industrialized war The Cold War (1945) Global competition between USA and USSR

Modern Global Connections and Interactions Global Environmental Cooperation Nations are increasingly interdependent Global Migrations Africa, Asia, and LA to Europe and America Move to improve economic conditions International Terrorism Modern technology and transportation allow violent groups to express frustrations The United Nations Created after WWII as a place to seek peaceful solutions to global problems and conflicts