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Microorganisms to Multicellular Organisms Animal Circulation Microorganisms to Multicellular Organisms

Circulation of materials in the body Size matters: microorganisms use simple diffusion and osmosis Occasionally amplified by facilitated diffusion or active transport Or vesicular transport! Altering shape may make diffusion uptake a shorter, faster path osmosis diffusion active transport Cyclosis in the cell helps circulate materials taken up vesicular transport http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/amoebafeeding3.jpg

Sponge Morphology http://www.cruisecortez.com/img/jpg/sponge.jpg

Basic Sponge Anatomy: Fundamentally two-layered body wall Ostia surrounded by porocyte permit entry of water and particulates Flagellated cells feed on particulates and move water out osculum http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/ees/life/slides/phyla/sponge.gif

Sponge choanocyte: feeding flagellated cell with microvilli collar flagellum http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/biodic/images/anatepon/epo17b.jpg

This is a colony of polyps with tentacles for feeding The yellow-brown color is due to endosymbiotic dinoflagellates Cnidarians have just the two tissue layers, so internal circulation is not critical, exchanges are diffusion

Polyplacophora: chitons http://www.birdsasart.com/red%20Chiton.jpg The most-primitive mollusc has 8 valves (plates) protecting its soft tissues beneath. The chiton foot attaches to rocks and the animal uses its radula to scrape organic material from the rock surfaces. http://www.dec.ctu.edu.vn/sardi/mollusc/images/chiton.jpg

After working hard to remove the “suck rock” organism from the rock, the ventral surface of the chiton shows the obvious mollusc features. gills foot mouth (radula inside) http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/animal%20diversity/protostomes/chiton_ventral_surface.jpg

This cartoon shows a longitudinal slice of a chiton with the three principal parts: foot (locomotion or attachment), visceral mass (internal organs), and mantle (secretes valves). dorsal aorta gonad heart valve plates pericardial cavity (coelom) hemocoel ventricle radula auricle mantle mouth anus foot digestive gland stomach nephridium nephridiopore ventral nerve cord (not shown) gonopore

How does the bivalve know you are swimming by? Eyes! http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/prot_res/images/other_spec/scallop_eyes.jpg Evaginated gills provide increased surface area for gas exchange

Nephridia cleanse the blood of nitrogenous waste. This cartoon is shows a plane of section perpendiular to the previous one. hinge and ligament The foot can push a bivalve through sediments. The food-trapping gills are used for gas exchange. The heart pumps the blood into the hemocoel bathing the tissues. It goes through the gills for gas exchange. The blood then returns to the heart. This is an open circulation system. shell heart nephridium intestine mantle gonad gills foot Nephridia cleanse the blood of nitrogenous waste.

Open Circulatory Systems Fig 45.19 Page 917 Hemocyanin and hemoglobin are present in this group Hemocyanin is plesiomorphic and less efficient than hemoglobin