1. Copyright Notice! This PowerPoint slide set is copyrighted by Ross Koning and is thereby preserved for all to use from plantphys.info for as long as that website is available. Images lacking photo credits are mine and, as long as you are engaged in non-profit educational missions, you have my permission to use my images and slides in your teaching. However, please notice that some of the images in these slides have an associated URL photo credit to provide you with the location of their original source within internet cyberspace. Those images may have separate copyright protection. If you are seeking permission for use of those images, you need to consult the original sources for such permission; they are NOT mine to give you permission.

2. http://www.mnh.si.edu/natural_partners/squid4/DispatchImages/20Feb1999/gills_inside_mantle_cavity_labeled.jpg http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/02/22/squid_narrowweb__300x363,0.jpg Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni Colossal squid Architeuthis Giant squid Evaginated gills surrounded by water bearing oxygen

3. oxygenated water deoxygenated, carbonated water operculum http://www.tnfish.org/PhotoGalleryFish_TWRA/FishPhotoGallery_TWRA/images/YellowPerchMeltonHillNegus_jpg.jpg Perca flavescens Muscular operation of operculum system moves water into mouth, over evaginated gills, and out from trailing edge of operculum http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/aseptal_gills2.jpg See Fig. 45.5 pg 907

4. oxygenated deoxygenated How do evaginated gills work? filament enlarged… ©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company

5. oxygenated water deoxygenated water Gill filament shows counter-current exchange design: blood from heart blood return to heart water and blood flow in opposite directions See Fig. 45.5 pg 907

6. Counter-current is more efficient than concurrent exchange Countercurrent flow maximizes: Oxygen removal from water Blood oxygen content countercurrent water blood 100 70 40 15 90 60 30 5 concurrent water blood 100 85 70 55 53 5 20 35 50 52 100 50 0 Percent O 2 Saturation water blood 100 50 0 Percent O 2 Saturation water blood This efficient system is needed because oxygen solubility is very low in water (10 mg/L) compared to in air (286 mg/L). See Fig. 45.6 pg 907

7. Delicate gills need protection from predators: shells, opercula Other species evolved internalized respiratory trees… ©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/oceans/sea_cucumber_8178_800.jpg Sea cucumber body systems evaginated or invaginated?

8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzTVh1U7Et4 Tidal flow through anus into respiratory tree of sea cucumber:

9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00DXYXVRHkQ&feature=youtu.be The tidal flow gas supply is enough to support a friend too…

10. http://www.zetnet.co.uk/~pm/photos/snail.jpg The shell obviously provides a hard covering for the visceral mass. The snail shown here is a pulmonate, with a vascularized mantle cavity serving as a lung. Vascularizing this led to loss of the gills in most gastropods. The gastropods, are clearly hermaphroditic, and some are self-fertile. Free-living larval stages are the dispersal mechanisms in water (diffusion?) http://coris.noaa.gov/glossary/trochophor_larv_186.jpg Trochophore larva: http://people.bu.edu/veliger/veliger.jpeg Veliger larva: And now for a look inside our gastropod mollusc…

11. veliger larva Adult Sea elephant (snail)… trochophore larva http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochophore http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Oxygyru sLarva1.jpg http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/ScutataProboscis11.200a.jpg http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/ AtlantaSpRadula11.230a.jpg http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/AtlantaPeroni1.jpg its radula its proboscis gas exchange by simple diffusion

12. http://www.nawwal.org/~mrgoff/photojournal/2003/winspr/pictures/05-17slug2.jpg pneumostome optical tentacles sensory tentacles mantle foot skirt The slug shows the pneumostome in the mantle for breathing.

13. book gills http://clacc.uchc.edu/Species/Aquatics/HorseshoeCrab/HorseShoeCrab1.jpg http://www.bumblebee.org/invertebrates/images/LimulusDorsal.jpg http://www.bumblebee.org/invertebrates/images/LimulusVentral.jpg

14. book gills book lungs trachea Chelicerata diffusion Considerable diversity within a single taxonomic category http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb- media/97/46897-004-E3937032.jpg http://farm1.static.flickr.com/40/108057513_ff286d144f.jpg http://somethingscrawlinginmyhair.com/wp- content/uploads/2007/09/tickdorsalview2007 -5-2.jpg http://weblog.pell.portland.or.us/~orc/bugs/argiope_aurantia.jpg http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/flight- international/scorpion.gif

15. Argyroneta aquatica, the water spider, traps air with body hairs at surface and brings the air down to the hydrophobic web for later use…sometimes called the “water bell” spider. http://mmem.spschools.org/grade5science/wetland/waterspider.jpeg

16. http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/tenczar/Cvittatus/Centruroides_vittatus.jpg Centruroides vittatus (bark scorpion) has a book lung (an evaginated surface like a gill for terrestrial gas exchange) ©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company