Kennedy & the Cold War Chapter 15 Section 1
Lecture Focus Question How did Kennedy respond to the continuing challenges of the Cold War?
Election of 1960 John F. Kennedy Democratic nominee Supported fight against communism Energetic & passionate Attended Harvard Came from a wealthy family in Boston, MA Richard Nixon Republican nominee Supported fight against communism Energetic & passionate VP for Eisenhower Came from a working family in Yorba Linda, CA
Televised Debate Nixon Underweight Clothes too big Pale & tired “Easy Shave” melting in heat of lights Spoke to JFK JFK Rested & tanned Newly tailored suit Spoke to cameras → audience of voters!
Kennedy Wins Key factor → televised debates
JFK’s New Cold War Strategies JFK = 1st pres born in 20th century “Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country” Flexible response: defense policy that prepared the U.S. to fight in any size/type of conflict
JFK’s New Cold War Strategies Peace Corps: sent U.S. volunteers around the world to provide technical, education, health services to developing countries Alliance for Progress: promoted economic assistance to Latin America
Communism in Cuba 1959: Fidel Castro comes to power in Cuba Strong ties to U.S.S.R. 1961: Bay of Pigs Invasion U.S. plan to overthrow Castro Total disaster U.S. accepts defeat and loses respect from other countries
The Berlin Crisis 1961: JFK and Krushchev meet → peace treaty? Berlin becomes center of discussion Meeting = disaster JFK takes action Doubled number of men drafted into army Increased spending for defense American people prepared: fallout shelters 1961: Soviets build the Berlin Wall to divide E & W Berlin
BERLIN WALL
Cuban Missile Crisis U.S. intelligence discovery: 4 possible responses Soviets building missile bases in Cuba! Cuba = 90 miles from Key West, FL 4 possible responses Negotiate with the Soviets Invade Cuba Blockade Cuba Bomb the missile sites
The Loneliest Job in the World
The Ultimate Decision JFK decides on a naval “quarantine” “Blockade” would be an act of war He told Americans: “The path we have chosen for the present is full of hazards… The cost of freedom is always high -- and Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender.”
Disaster Averted
Lecture Focus Question How did Kennedy respond to the continuing challenges of the Cold War?