AP & Pre-AP Biology Serrano High School Cellular Respiration AP & Pre-AP Biology Serrano High School
The Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP C6H12O6 = glucose 6O2 = oxygen gas 6CO2 = carbon dioxide 6H20 = water ATP = energy
Redox Reaction C6H12O6 O2 Loses electrons Oxidized to CO2 Gains electrons Reduced to H2O
What happens….. High energy electrons (e-) Stripped from C6H12O6 Used to do work - create H+ concentration gradient Finally accepted by oxygen (O2)
Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration Structure
Mitochondria Relating structure to function Intermembrane space Allows for the accumulation of H+ Membranes not permeable to H+
Mitochondria Relating structure to function Inner membrane Cristae Large surface area for ETC
Mitochondria Relating structure to function Matrix Segregates chemicals of Krebs cycle
NADH Production Enzymes dehydrogenases 2 e- + 1 H+ + NAD+ NADH Remove 2 hydrogens (2 H+ and 2 e-) from substrate Add 2 electrons and 1 H+ to NAD+ 2 e- + 1 H+ + NAD+ NADH NAD+ reduced
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glycolysis Energy investment Uses 2 ATP molecules Splits glucose
Glycolysis Energy yielding 4 ATP molecules produced by substrate level phosphorylation 2 pyruvate (3-C) produced Electrons transferred to NAD+ 2 NADH produced
Glycolysis Location Cytosol of cell Outside mitochondria Cytosol – outside mitochondrion
Acetyl CoA Prep CO2 removed from pyruvate NADH produced Coenzyme A added to acetyl group (2-C) Acetyl CoA produced Location = matrix of mitochondria
Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle - One Turn Acetyl group (2-C) added to oxaloacetate (4-C) forming citrate (6-C) 2 CO2 lost 3 NAD+ reduced to 3 NADH 1 FAD reduced to 1 FADH2 1 ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation Oxaloacetate regenerated
Krebs Cycle – 1 Glucose – 2 Turns 4 CO2 lost 6 NAD+ reduced to 6 NADH 2 FAD reduced to 2 FADH2 2 ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle Location = matrix of mitochondria
ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation
ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation
ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation NADH & FADH2 pass electrons to molecules in electron transport chain Electrons passed from molecule to molecule When some molecules accept electrons they must also accept H+ H+ released into intermembrane space when electrons passed to next molecule
ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation Energy from electrons used to move H+ into intermembrane space Electrons accepted by oxygen 2e- + 2H+ + ½ O2 H2O
ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation Channel proteins allow H+ to diffuse down concentration gradient ATP synthase uses KE of H+ moving down concentration gradient to add P to ADP making ATP
ATP Production Glycolysis Krebs 4 ATP (2 net) Substrate level phosphorylation Krebs 2 ATP
ATP Production ETC & oxidative phosphorylation 2 NADH from glycolysis = 4 to 6 ATP 2 NADH from acetyl CoA prep = 6 ATP 6 NADH from Krebs cycle = 18 ATP 2 FADH2 from Krebs cycle = 4 ATP
ATP Production Total = 36 to 38 ATP per glucose