Chapter 12 Section 1

What are the three regions of the Caribbean? Focus Question What are the three regions of the Caribbean?

Brazil Brazil is the Largest Country in South America. Half of the continents People and land are located here. Two landforms Plains and Plateaus Amazon River Basin Fertile land Escarpment Separated the interior from the exterior of Brazil Steep cliffs

Northeast Region Bulges out into the Atlantic Ocean Has a large African heritages From the Slaves Sertao Interior Plateau Tropical Dry climate Experiences long periods of drought Floods Soils cannot hold the rain.

Northeast Region Region is ridden with poverty Region lacks healthcare and Sanitation systems Malnutrition and Starvation are common People’s life expectancy is 49 years Well below the rest of Brazil Peoples annual income is extremely low Three times lower than the rest of Brazil

Southeast Region Coffee Pot of the world The smallest region in Brazil The economic heartland 10.9% of Brazils land Home to 40% of the population Rich Soils Humid Subtropical Climate Cotton, sugar cane, cocoa, rice, coffee Coffee Pot of the world Grows ¼ the worlds coffee

The Southeast Region Most people live in or near Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Region has become overcrowded with people who have little education and lack of skills Most live in slum communities called favelas Poverty stricken region Carnival Four days before lent Big party

Brazilian Highlands North of the Southeast region are the Brazilian Highlands Brasilia is located here Brasilia became the capitol in 1960 in the hopes of boosting the population in the region

Amazon River Region The largest region of Brazil Is more than ½ the country 10% of the population live here The least Explored Tropical Climate Heavy Rainfall Constant growing season Rainforests Thousands of species of plants and animals Species that are found no where else on earth.

Amazon Indians 200,000 Indians live in the region 180 tribes Protected by the government Very primitive Live in huts Hunt for food

Section 2

What are the four regions of Brazil? Focus Question What are the four regions of Brazil?

Economic Challenges Most of the poor live in the Northeast Region People live in poverty Children are abandoned Children are forced to work the streets Boys and girls sell goods Children are forced into jobs Children beg for food and money on the streets Only a handful of families own land Thousands of families are poor because they do not have land Cannot support themselves The northeast region does not offer support for women and children.

Government Policies 1940’s government has tried to easy the poverty stricken region. Has 2 main goals Boost the growth of industry and encourage settlement and development in the countries interior. 1950’s the government established public works to give people a job Building dams and oil refining plants Established a national bank to lend loans to new businesses The government begin bringing in new manufactures Automobiles Chemical factories People migrated to Sao Paulo and Rio because of work creating slums

Settlement Brazil only has a handful of roads in the 1970’s so the government begin building roads that connected the country Crated thousands of miles of road Used the U.S. as an example Helped promote settlement in the interior Before the roads were built people could not travel inland Created a mass migration into the unsettled lands People went in search of land Escaping the crowded cities Start a new life

Economic Growth Industry accounts for 1/3 Brazils GDP Brazil created gasohol Mixture of gasoline and ethanol Made from sugarcane No longer import foreign oil 1/3 population works factories and mines ½ population works in service industry

Environmental Changes Economic development has brought positive changes More industries More opportunities Negative changes Has also had negative consequences Poverty in the cities has increased Favelas have increased in size and numbers

Changes in Brazil Deforestation of the Rainforests Plants and animals are on the verge of extinction some have already became extinct Large amounts of the worlds The government is working to protect the region The government encourages ecotourism