The reader is conditioned to the filter of narrator

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Presentation transcript:

The reader is conditioned to the filter of narrator THE VICTORIAN AGE Characteristics: Industrialization The British Empire It is named from Queen Victoria (1837-1901) LITERATURE Features of the first part of the Victorian Age: Optimism Moralism Faith in progress Browning Tennyson Poetry The major literary genre was the NOVEL Omniscient intrusive third person narrator (Comments of the author) Realistic novel Happy end To give a moral judgment Linear chronological concept of time Logical connections in a linear way The reader is conditioned to the filter of narrator

THE SECOND PART OF THE VICTORIAN AGE RELIGIOUS CRISIS AESTHETIC MOVEMENT (1880s) Oscar Wilde Charles Darwin The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) Friedrich Nietzsche The Picture of Dorian Gray People have to find them by themselves, they does not refer to God Art should not have any moral, social or political purpose God does not create Men “God is dead”

THE FIRST PART OF THE 20th CENTURY First World War New theories Henri Bergson William James Albert Einstein Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Space and time do not exist as separate phenomena People’s behaviour depends very largely on the unconscious part of their minds A basic element of man’s unconscious mind is formed by his racial memory Past and future (as memory and expectation) exist together with the present in people’s mind General Theory of Relativity (1905) The Interpretations of Dreams (1899) The Psychology of the Unconscious (1916)

The reader is more free to make is own point of view. MODERNISM Rejected the old Victorian standards The quest of truth. Innovation in LITERATURE Minimum plot Poetical language How say things (form) The eclipse of the narrator The shift of the point of view The stream of consciousness technique Focus on the psychology Simultaneous concept of time The reader is more free to make is own point of view.

Developed a new way of expressing reality: VIRGINIA WOOLF (1882-1941) Developed a new way of expressing reality: Interior monologue Omniscient third person narrator (kept to the minimum) The shift of the point of view (connectors) Minimum plot Chronological time and Simultaneous time Poetical language Settings: One single day in London Plot: Clarissa Dalloway goes out to buy flowers for the party she is going to give in the evening Omniscient third person narrator Mrs Dalloway (1925)

The most important Modernist writer JAMES JOYCE (1882-1941) The most important Modernist writer Characteristics: Ulysses (1922) Formal aspect is very important Eclipse of the narrator Stream of consciousness No logical connectors (association) No punctuation Simultaneous time Demands a lot to the reader Settings: Dublin, 16 June 1904 (a single day) Characters: Leopold, Molly Bloom, Stephen Structure: 18 chapters have titles derived from the episodes in the Odyssey by Homer Leopold = Ulysses Molly = Penelope