“RPAS for European Border Surveillance” Piotr MALINOWSKI Zdravko KOLEV FRONTEX JRC UNOSAT - Unmanned Aerial Systems for Rapid Mapping Geneva, Switzerland

OUTLINE Frontex mission Development of a EUROSUR Challenges for European border surveillance Possible roles for RPAS Conclusions

FRONTEX EU agency – ”to coordinate activities related to border management” Independant legal body with management board of MS ’border chiefs’ 298 staff and growing Operational in Warsaw since Oct. 05 Council Regulation (EC) 2007/2004/ (26.10.2004, OJ L 349/25.11.2004) Mission ”While considering that the responsibility for the control and surveillance of external borders lies with the Member States, the Agency shall facilitate and render more effective the application of existing and future Community measures relating to the management of external borders.” “…contributing to an efficient, high and uniform level of control on persons and surveillance of the external borders…”

FRONTEX Structure

Frontex Research and Development Mission “Follow up on developments in research relevant for the control and surveillance of external borders and disseminate this information to the Commission and the Member States.” LINK BETWEEN RESEARCHERS AND USERS AND INDUSTRY Research Community Border Guards MS Authorities Commission FRONTEX R&D Assessment and translation Input from Research and Technology Potential Capabilities User Needs Requirements User needs EU Research Programmes

END-USER NEEDS Platforms and sensors for the collection of data and information 24/7 all weather surveillance border and pre-frontier Platforms and sensors to facilitate interception Systems to exchange information Systems to exploit the information and react quickly to evolving threats All the above: Affordable and Integrable

Current main challenge: Detection & tracking of small boats, used for cross-border crime & irregular migration 241 search and rescue cases and 23,192 lives saved from Frontex coordinated assets were involved in saving 64 persons per day.

National Coordination Centre (NCC) EUROSUR SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS TO PROVIDE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS OF BORDER AREAS – DG JLS/HOME Communication in Feb 2008, Roadmap with 3 phases and 8 steps Legislative Proposal by Dec11 aiming to make EUROSUR operational in 2013 - COM(2011) 873 final, 12/12/2011: EUROSUR regulation proposal National Coordination Centre (NCC) All relevant authorities National Situational Picture Reaction capability Frontex Common surveillance means European Situational Picture (ESP) Common Pre-frontier Intelligence Picture (CPIP) Node Node Node Node Node Node Node

EUROSUR The Network project NCC Local System “ …to create a persistent connection between a number of National Coordination Centres of IT, FI, FR, PL, SP, SL and Frontex, using a fully extensible information sharing system, which supports secure „information trade‟ between connected National Coordination Centres and Frontex. ”

RPAS for Rapid Mapping Support to planning of joint operations Identification and monitoring of long range migration routes Topographic information updating Analysis(border vulnerability and permeability, cross country mobility, economical situation of MS, etc) Evaluate the easiness of walking in specific terrain and time needed to cross specific distance Identification of the areas that can be reach by walking person in definite periods of time

Satellites and RPA for border surveillance Satellites with imaging radar (SAR) or optical sensors are useful for intelligence gathering, but not for real time tracking RPA have potential but must prove : ◊cost effectiveness compared to manned flights ◊integration into normal airspace

PRAS - roles SEA SURVEILLANCE MISSION wide area surveillance detection at longer distances detection of smaller vessels, fast vessels (speedboats) reconnaissance missions to coastline spots identification of suspicious objects SAR missions all weather and day/night conditions long endurance, speed and altitude adaptability providing real- and near real- time operational data integration with other existing surveillance networks (radars, satellite .. ) share/operate PRAS synthesize operational information, efficiency and costs radar sensors, optical sensors or possibly imaging radar. AIS, SIGINT

PRAS - roles LAND SURVEILLANCE MISSION detection of human presence and vehicles at the borders all weather and day/night conditions different lengths of the border to deal with different topographical / climate characteristics providing real- and near real- time operational data integration with other existing surveillance networks (radars, satellite .. ) optical sensors (EO/FLIR HD)

Demonstration of mini RPA and Aerostats Workshops «RPA and Land Border Surveillance» 2009 & 2010 Imatra, Finland SELEX ”ASIO” + HYDRA ”SENSORINTEGRATION” LIVE DEMO PATRIA ”MASS” LIVE DEMO ”LIVE VIDEO FROM MOBILE TO MOBILE OVER IP”, AHORTEC LTD LIVE DEMO AERONAUTICS SKYSTAR 180 Tactical aerostat All weather conditions SIM SKYEYE”+ QUATTRO VIDEOTRANSMISSION SYSTEM RAFAEL ”ORBITER” LIVE DEMO + AERONAUTICS AEROSTAT SYSTEM, NOT LIVE DEMO

RPAS Demonstration sessions Aktio and Istres 2011 ISTRES, FRANCE DA-42 with EO/IR OPA AKTIO, GREECE HERON 1 PATROLLER SkyLite PUMA AE + Remote Video Terminal (RVT) FULMAR

Mission planning Mission Execution LOS BLOS Lite Situational Awareness & Video Portal based GIS viewer

RPAS Workshop and Demonstration II (20 - 21 October 2011, Istres, France)

Conclusions Frontex works closely with the Commission and MSs in the development of EUROSUR RPAS could play a significant role in EUROSUR RPAS do not replace manned aviation, but make it possible to accomplish missions that would not be possible with manned aircraft (long and very long endurance). RPAs have potential Maritime surveillance Long range and long endurance Land RPAs need to prove Usefulness (legal / insertion into civil airspace) Cost-effectiveness