Endocrine System Ap psychology

The Endocrine System The Endocrine System is the body’s “slow” chemical communication system. Communication is carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of glands. Preview Question 4: How does the endocrine system-the body’s slower information system-transmit its messages? Figure 2.11, p. 59

Endocrine System Made up of glands which secrete different hormones into the bloodstream Hormones are chemical messengers Use the bloodstream to travel Travel much slower than neurotransmitters Regulates growth rate, digestion, blood pressure & sexual development

Hormones Hormones are chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream. Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body. For example, epinephrine (adrenaline) increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, and feelings of excitement during emergency situations.

Pituitary Gland Is called the “master gland.” It is the most influential endocrine gland. It releases hormones that influence growth, and its secretions also influence the release of hormones by other endocrine glands.

Hypothalamus links nervous system & endocrine system Pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus Stimulates growth Stimulates adrenal cortex to release steroids Stimulates contractions for childbirth & release of milk after childbirth Adrenal gland produces various stress-related hormones Helps trigger “fight or flight” response Promotes muscle development

Pineal gland helps regulate sleep-wake cycles, produce melatonin Pancreas regulates blood sugar levels (diabetes) Thyroid gland regulates metabolic rate, growth & maturation Ovaries foster female maturation (estrogen & progesterone) Testes foster male sexual maturation-promotes sperm production, produces testosterone