THE PROGRESSIVE ERA: Social and Political Change Key Figures

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SS.912.A.3.8 Examine the importance of social change and reform in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (class system, migration from farms to cities, Social Gospel movement, role of settlement houses and churches in providing services to the poor). SS.912.A.3.10 Review different economic and philosophic ideologies. SS.912.A.3.11 Analyze the impact of political machines in United States cities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. SS.912.A.3.12 Compare how different nongovernmental organizations and progressives worked to shape public policy, restore economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life.

The Muckrakers Jacob Riis: Published How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York in 1890. Combined text with photos to show the terrible conditions of the poor in the Lower East Side of Manhattan

The Muckrakers Upton Sinclair: Published The Jungle in 1904. Gave a frightening look at the meatpacking industry in Chicago, Illinois. Led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.

The Muckrakers Ida Tarbell: Published The History of the Standard Oil Company in 1904. Spent a number of years investigating the business practices of John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil Her investigative reporting led to the breakup of Standard Oil in 1911.

The Muckrakers Ray Stannard Baker: Also known by his pen name David Grayson American journalist, historian, biographer, and author After the 1906 Atlanta Race Riot, Baker published the book Following the Color Line: An Account of Negro Citizenship in the American Democracy, becoming the first prominent journalist to examine America's racial divide

The Muckrakers Lincoln Steffens: Published The Shame of the Cities in 1904. Showed the corruption in local governments throughout America.

The Reformers Jane Addams: Fought for the rights of the poor and immigrants Founder of Hull House, a settlement house

The Reformers John Dewey: Believed that schools exist to better society. An advocate of social change and education reform Founded The New School for Social Research.

The Reformers WEB DuBois: One of the most important African- American activists during the first half of the 20th century. He co-founded the NAACP Supported Pan- Africanism.

The Reformers Mary Harris “Mother” Jones: Founded the Social Democratic Party Helped establish the Industrial Workers of the World. Fought against child labor

The Reformers Mary Church Terrell: A charter member of the NAACP An early advocate for civil rights and the suffrage movement.

The Reformers Booker T. Washington: Educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Founded the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, now known as Tuskegee University.

The Reformers Ida B. Wells: African-American journalist and activist Led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s.

The Suffragettes Susan B. Anthony: Suffragist, abolitionist, author and speaker President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association.

The Suffragettes Elizabeth Cady Stanton: An early leader of the woman's rights movement Wrote the Declaration of Sentiments as a call to arms for female equality.

The Suffragettes Dorothy Day: An activist who worked for social causes such as pacifism and woman suffrage

The Presidents Chester A. Arthur: President in 1881 who made efforts to reform the spoils system (giving political office to political supporters)

The Presidents Theodore Roosevelt: Remembered for his foreign policy, corporate reforms and ecological preservation Promised Americans a “Square Deal,” in which everyone would get fair and equal treatment

The Presidents Woodrow Wilson: President in 1913; focused mainly on banking reform (created the Federal Reserve) Supported the 19th Amendment.