October 27, 2013 Eq- How is information from our sensory organs processed by the brain? Standard- BF 2 Table of Contents: 42. The 7 senses 43. Chapter 4 Vocabulary Agenda: The Seven Senses- Chart, Story Chapter 4 Vocabulary introduction
The Seven Senses Sense Where it comes through Picture Sight Hearing Eyes Hearing Ears Smell Nose Taste Mouth Touch Skin Balance (vestibular) Inner Ear Body Awareness (proprioception) Muscles and Joints
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception key Terms
1. Sensation: the stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system (spinal cord and brain). Hunger
2. Perception: the psychological process through which we interpret sensory stimulation. Taste Smell Touch Sight Hearing
3. Absolute threshold: the weakest amount of a stimulus that can be sensed.
4. Difference threshold: the minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli.
5. Signal-detection theory: a method of distinguishing sensory stimuli that takes into account not only their strengths but also such elements as the setting, your physical state, your mood, and your attitude.
6. Sensory adaptation: the process by which we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to unchanging stimuli.
7. Pupil: the opening in the colored part of the eye.
8. Lens: adjusts to the distance of objects by changing its thickness. 9. Retina: the sensitive surface in the eye that acts like the film in a camera.
10. Photoreceptors: neurons that are sensitive to light.
11. Blind spot: point where the optic nerve leaves the eye and the area that lacks photoreceptors
12. Visual acuity: the sharpness of vision.
13. Complementary: Colors across from each other on the color wheel or circle.
Retina sensitive to red, green, or blue (rest are combinations) 14. Afterimage: a color’s complementary color. Blue – yellow , red – green, black – white Retina sensitive to red, green, or blue (rest are combinations) 15. Cochlea: a bony tube that contain fluids as well as neurons that move in response to the vibrations of the fluids.
16. Auditory nerve: the cranial nerve that carriers sound from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain.
17. Conductive deafness: damage to the middle ear which hinders amplification (loudness) 18. Sensorineural deafness: damage to the inner ear which distorts perception of certain frequencies.
19. Olfactory nerve: sends or transports odors to the brain.
20. Gate theory: suggests that only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a time.
21. Vestibular sense: tells you whether you are physically upright without having to use your eyes. 22. Kinesthesis: the sense that provides information about the position and movement of individual body parts.
23. Closure: the tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in what your senses tell you.
24. Proximity: nearness 25. Similarity: people see things of similar objects as belonging together.
26. Continuity: people prefer to see smooth continuous patterns, not disrupted ones. 27. Common fate: assuming a group doing similar things are together and have the same purpose.
28. Stroboscopic motion: the illusion of movement is produced by showing the rapid progression of images or objects that are not moving at all.
29. Monocular cues: need only one eye to be perceived. 30. Binocular cues: both eyes are required to be perceived.
31. Retinal disparity: a binocular cue for perceiving depth based on the difference between the two images of an object that the retina receives as the object moves closer or farther away.