1. Senses and Perception

2. Spanish explorer thought it was a stream, when it really was 2 mile wide

3. Senses and perception
Senses – process in which we receive information from the environment (physical)
Perception – Interpretation of environment to give it meaning (psychological)

4. Information Processing
Top Down - Use of conceptual information and patterns to characterize the whole, the gist. Fastest method.
Bottom Up – Use of data to process all of the information to come to conclusions. Most thorough.

5. Green
Blue
Red
Yellow

6. Senses and Perception
Threshold – the level of sensory stimulation necessary for sensation to occur
Is this constant?

7. Senses and Perception
Adaption – the gradual loss of attention to unneeded or unwanted sensory information

8. Vision

9. Vision Rods - capable of receiving light energy in low levels
In retina’s periphery
Not involved with color perception

10. Vision Cones - involved with color perception
Three colors(red, green, blue)
Blind spot at the optic nerve

13. Audition
Sound - mechanical energy typically caused by vibrating objects
Cochlea - part of inner ear, contains fluid and receptors (cilia)
Contributes to balance
Sense directing of sound by
how fast vibrations reach each
ear

14. Gustation(taste) Five tastes Sweetness Saltiness Sourness Bitterness
Umami
Smell, touch, and temperature all affect taste

15. Olfaction (Smell) Biggest factor in taste
Can evoke highly emotional memories

16. Somesthesis – Mechanical Senses (Touch)
Skin Senses
Senses temperature, pressure, and pain
Pain - several stimulus affect pain
Endorphins block pain

17. Kinesthesis – communicates information about movement and location of
Kinesthesis – communicates information about movement and location of body parts, in joints and ligaments
Vestibular senses – gives us sense of balance and knowledge of body position, in inner ear

18. Perception Attention – consciousness is focused on particular stimuli
How do you decide what to pay attention to?

19. Perception Attention – consciousness is focused on particular stimuli
How do you decide what to pay attention to?
Change
Uniqueness
Relavent to us

20. Gestalt – grouping smaller units into larger ones
Information is usually incomplete, the brain completes it
Simplest is easier (chunking)

21. Perceptual constancies – The perceived image remains the same despite changes in the retinal image of an object ex. Shape, size, color

23. Depth perception
Binocular cues – both eyes sees different images and gives us 3D (binocular disparity)
Print out the simple jpg image below and place a piece of cardboard on the dotted line perpendicular to the paper. Rest your nose on the cardboard (yes, you are gong to look a little ridiculous). Focus each eye on the figure on the appropriate side of the cardboard. Try to fuse these two images into one single image. You may find it helpful to try converging your eyes by looking slightly cross-eyed. When you achieve a single image, it should look three-dimensional. Once you have achieved that, you might want to try the other stereoscopic image. Feel free to take a look here and try other stereoscopic images.

24. Depth Perception Monocular cues – uses one eye
We judged depth using the size, texture, motion, and shadows of objects

25. Why do optical illusions work?

26. http://visual-memory. co. uk/daniel/Modules/FM21820/visper04
zulu’s circular life circular house and doorways

27. Müller-Lyer illusion

28. Why do optical illusions work?
The strategies we use to see the world cause us to misinterpret the sensory input