Warm Up: write the question and answer Explain how art during the Renaissance depicted humanism and secularism? Explain the effect of Gutenberg’s printing press?

THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Essential Questions: What caused the Protestant Reformation? What happened during the Protestant Reformation?

During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church was the dominant religion in Western Europe

Without a common government in Europe, the Catholic Pope became an important political leader that demanded taxes

Corruption of the Catholic Church During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church was growing corrupt The clergy and popes were concerned with power and money

Corruption of the Catholic Church One way to raise money was simony. The Church sold positions to the highest bidder

Corruption of the Catholic Church As a result, some clergy members were poorly educated 2 + 2 = 5

Corruption of the Catholic Church One of the most corrupt practices was the selling of indulgences (pardons) The clergy sold indulgences that released people from having to perform the penalties for his/her sins

Corruption of the Catholic Church The final criticism was that many priests broke their vows by marrying, fathering children, or drinking and gambling to excess.

The Renaissance’s emphasis on humanism and secularism urged scholars to challenge the authority of the Catholic Church.

The Protestant Reformation In 1517, a German Catholic monk named Martin Luther became involved in a dispute with the Catholic Church

Luther was deeply troubled by the selling of indulgences Martin Luther Luther was deeply troubled by the selling of indulgences Luther wrote a list of arguments against Church practices called the “Ninety-Five Theses”

Main Ideas of the Ninety- Five Thesis Salvation (access to Heaven) came from faith alone The Bible was the only source of religious truths All people were equal and did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them

Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Wittenberg church

Thanks to the printing press, Luther’s Theses spread through Europe, causing others to challenge the Church

Excommunication is being formally kicked out of the Catholic Church Pope Leo X ordered Luther to take back his statements, or face excommunication Excommunication is being formally kicked out of the Catholic Church

Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, summoned Luther to the German town of Worms to stand trial for his offenses

Luther refused to take back his 95 Theses and was excommunicated Luther stood before an assembly of Church and political leaders to defend his beliefs; this meeting was known as the Diet of Worms Luther refused to take back his 95 Theses and was excommunicated

Those who believed in Luther’s teachings became known as Lutherans. Any Christian who belonged to a non-Catholic church became known as a Protestant.

Martin Luther’s break from the Catholic Church inspired a movement in Europe called the Protestant Reformation During the Protestant Reformation, reformers protested Church corruptions in the hopes of reforming the Catholic Church

The Protestant Reformation led to the forming of a new Christian denominations Lutheranism was the first in a series of Protestant Christian faiths that broke from the Catholic Church

England becomes Protestant England broke ties to the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500s for personal, not religious reasons.

England becomes Protestant Henry VIII wanted a son, so he needed to divorce his 1st wife Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn The pope would not let Henry divorce, so Henry broke with the Catholic Church in 1534

Anglicanism Henry VIII was officially made the head of the England’s new Anglican Church with the Act of Supremacy Anglicanism combined Protestant and Catholic religions and allowed divorce.

Calvinism John Calvin believed men and women were sinful by nature, and that God had already chosen a few “elected” people to save. This theory is called predestination

Calvinism Many Protestant religions are softened versions of Calvinism Calvin believed that the ideal government was a theocracy Many Protestant religions are softened versions of Calvinism

Presbyterians John Knox brought Calvinism to Scotland. Each community church was governed by a group of elders called presbyters.

Influenced the Amish, the Quakers, and the Baptists Anabaptists Anabaptists only baptized those who were old enough to decide to be Christian. Therefore, adults were “baptized again.” Influenced the Amish, the Quakers, and the Baptists

Catholic Reformation In the 1500s, Pope Paul III took steps to reform: 1st: ended the selling of indulgences and other church abuses 4th: The Council of Trent only the Church could interpret the Bible Christians needed faith & good works for salvation the Bible & the Church guided people’s lives 2nd: approved the opening of Jesuit schools to stop the spread of Protestantism 3rd: used the Inquisition to find and punish heresy

Protestant Reformation