Colonizing North America Section 3 Colonizing North America

I. Searching for the Northwest Passage Magellan’s route to Asia was long and dangerous. European nations wanted to find a shorter safer northwest passage. Northwest passage- waterway through or around North America. John Cabot was the first to try to find this passage for the English. Cabot thought he had found the passage but actually found Newfoundland.

Exploring for France A. Giovanni da Verrazano(Italian) B. Jacques Cartier Sailed the coast line of North America from the Carolinas to Canada Traveled more than half way up the St. Lawrence River.

C. Henry Hudson 1609 Voyage Dutch 1610 Voyage English Sailed into the present day New York Harbor and 150 miles up Hudson River. Sailed far north into the Hudson Bay where the crew set Hudson and his son in a row boat.

Failure and Success Though none of these men found a northwest passage, they did map and explore many parts of North America . Rulers of Western Europe started to see value in the resources.

II. Rivalries in the Americas A. As Europeans settled in the Americas, they brought their religious rivalries too. B. Protestant versus Catholic Protestant Reformation Martin Luther The Roman Catholic Church had always been THE church until the Reformation. C. England’s Queen Elizabeth I encouraged her people to raid Spanish ships and colonies in response to the Spanish seizing English merchant ships in Spanish harbors.

III. New France A. Port Royal B. Quebec Samuel de Champlain founded Port Royal, the first permanent French settlement in North America in 1605. 1608- Champlain set up a trading post high above the St. Lawrence River named Quebec.

IV. Economy of New France The French were much more tolerant of the Natives. Profited from fishing, trapping, and trade taught to them by the Natives. Coureurs de bois ( runners of the woods)- French colonists who lived and worked in the woods. Items traded with the Native Americans. Knives Kettles Cloth E. Items Indians traded with Coureurs de bois Beaver skins Animal skins Furs could be sold at high prices in France and other European cities Catholic missionaries traveled with fur traders to teach the Indians about Christianity not force it.

V. New Netherland 1626 Peter Minuit led Dutch settlers to the mouth of the Hudson River. Bought Manhattan Island from the local Indians Named New Amsterdam Settled further up the river and named it New Netherland (New York) B. Grew into a large and busy port. C. New Netherland welcomed all people from all nations and religious into the colony.

VI. Dutch Fur Trade Furs were sent to the Netherlands. First shipment included 7246 beaver 853 otter 81 mink 36 lynx(cat) 34 small rats C. The Dutch became rivals with the French over the furs D. Alliance- an agreement between nations to aid and protect one another. Dutch allied with the Iroquois French allied with Hurons

VII. Dutch Impact on North America Customs Ice-skating Celebration of St. Nicholas’s B-day Dutch words(boss, yachts, cookies, sleighs) B. Impact on Native Americans Diseases Indian Warfare over fur trade Disappearance of beavers Christianity Guns Copper kettles Alcohol Took Native American lands