1. Lesson 2- The First French, Dutch, and English Colonies
Essential Question: Why do people move?
Topic 2
Lesson 2- The First French, Dutch, and English Colonies

2. Guiding Questions 1. Why did the French, dutch, and English colonize north America? 2. How did Virginia begin a tradition of representative government? 3. in what ways did different groups in Jamestown interact with the government?

3. European Rivalries Affect Exploration
A. Religious Reform
German monk named Martin Luther publicly challenged many practices of the Catholic Church.
2. Luther believed the Church had become too worldly & opposed the power of the popes.
3. Because of their protests against the Church, Luther’s followers were known as Protestants.
4. Protestant Reformation divided Europe.
5. Protestants themselves divided into many different churches.
6. By late 1500s, religion divided many states of Western Europe.

4. B. Roman Catholic monarchs ruled Spain and France.
C. Protestant Queen ruled England.
D. Netherlands and Dutch were mostly Protestant.
E. Europeans brought religious differences over to the American colonies.
1. Queen Elizabeth of England encouraged raids on Spanish colonies and the capture of Spanish treasure and naval fleets.
a) Also competed with France for lands in North America

5. II. Reasons for Exploring North America
A. During the 1500s, Europeans continued to look for new ways to reach the riches of Asia.
1. All-water route to Asia = the northwest passage.
2. Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) set out to
find the passage for the English. Instead,
found Newfoundland- part of easternmost
Canada.
B. Other explorers searched in vain for a north-
west passage.

6. III. New France
A. Samuel de Champlain (sham PLAYN) founded Port Royal, the first permanent French settlement in North America.
B. Three years later founded Quebec (kwih BEK) on the St. Lawrence River in Canada.
1. Opportunity for trade was a main reason for colonization along waterways.
2. Hoped to surpass the English.
C. France: little gold or silver- instead relied on
trapping, fishing, and trading for profit.

7. A. —The Warehouse. B. —Pigeon-loft. C
A.—The Warehouse. B.—Pigeon-loft. C.—Detached Buildings where we keep our arms and for Lodging our Workmen. D.—Another Detached Building for the Workmen. E.—Sun-dial. F.—Another Detached Building where is the Smithy and where the Workmen are Lodged. G.—Galleries all around the Lodgings. H.—The Sieur de Champlain's Lodgings. I.—The door of the Settlement with a Draw-bridge. L Promenade around the Settlement ten feet in width to the edge of the Moat. M.—Moat the whole way around the Settlement. O.—The Sieur de Champlain's Garden. P.—The Kitchen. Q.—Space in front of the Settlement on the Shore of the River. R.—The great River St. Lawrence.
Date circa 1608

8. D. Coureurs de bois (koo RUHR duh BWAH) “runners of the woods” =
D. Coureurs de bois (koo RUHR duh BWAH) “runners of the woods” = French colonists who traded with American Indians.
1. Brought knives, kettles, cloth, and other items to exchange for beaver skins and other furs that sold for high prices in Europe.
2. Had friendly relations with American Indians and did not attempt to conquer. Left Indian land alone.
3. Indians taught the French trapping and survival skills.

9. E. Catholic missionaries traveled with fur traders and tried to convert American Indians to Christianity.
F. French trappers followed the St. Lawrence River deep into North America, reaching the Great Lakes.
G. Frenchman Robert La Salle sailed down MS River to the Gulf of Mexico.
1. Named the region Louisiana in honor of French king, Louis XIV.
H. Built French forts along the Great Lakes to keep Spain and England out of Louisiana.

10. I. Also built New Orleans, a fort near the mouth of the MS River in order to control the trade via waterways in North America.
1. Gave them an advantage over Spanish and English
J. Imported thousands of Africans to work as slaves on plantations around New Orleans.
1. Some joined with Natchez Indians in a revolt against the French, who put down the revolt in 1729.
2. Some Africans who fought with French gained their freedom.
3. In Louisiana, free and enslaved Africans together made up the majority of settlers.

11. K. Government in New France
1. Much like New Spain.
2. King controlled the government directly and people had little freedom.
3. A council appointed by the king made all decisions.
L. New France grew slowly.

12. IV. 1626, Peter Minuit led Dutch settlers to the mouth of the Hudson River and purchased Manhattan Island from the local Indians.
A. Settlement named New Amsterdam and colony known as New Netherland (present day New York.)
B. Welcomed people of many nations, ethnic groups, and religions to the colony.
C. Dutch traders sent furs to the Netherlands.
[Packing list included 7,246 beaver, 853 otter, 81 mink, 36 cat lynx, and 34 small rats.]
D. Both Dutch and French sought alliances with
the American Indians.
1. Dutch allied with the Iroquois.
2. French allied with the Huron.
3. Fighting between them lasted for years.

13. V. Affects of Europeans on American Indians
A. Thousands of American Indians died of diseases brought over by French and Dutch.
B. Began to rely heavily on the trade of European goods like copper kettles and knives.
C. Introduced to muskets and gunpowder for hunting and warfare.
D. Alcohol sold by European traders had a harmful effect on American Indian life.
E. Europeans waged warfare for Indian lands.
1. Many forced off their lands westward onto the land of other Indians, sparking warfare and violence among the tribes.
2. Violence between American Indians and Europeans lasted for many years.