Basic Government Review Read through these review notes and copy the definitions on your paper  Study these as we will use them in a quick review this week!

Let’s Review Unitary--power is held by one central authority Confederation--association of independent states that agree to certain limitations on their freedoms by joining together Federal--power is divided between central authority & several regional authorities

Unitary Government Central Authority Regional Authority

Confederation government Central Authority Regional Authority

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Regional Authority Central Authority

Legislature: the central authority of a government Law making body

Let’s Review Autocracy-- 1 person possesses unlimited power & citizens have limited role in government Oligarchy-- small group exercises control & citizens have limited role in government Democracy--supreme power is vested in the people & exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation involving free elections

Let’s Review Parliamentary– citizens elect members of Parliament, and then the members select the leader Leader works with or through the legislature Presidential--system of government in which the leader is constitutionally independent of the legislature; citizens directly elect leader Leader works separate from legislature

Vocabulary continued… Head of State (chief of state) HOS – virtually no power, serves more as a figure head Head of Government (chief of government) HOG – virtually has the most political power and makes the government decisions.

Governments in The Middle East Country Distribution of Power Type of Government Executive Branch How are leaders chosen? Legislative Branch Role of Citizen/Citizen Participation Israel Unitary Parliamentary Democracy Prime Minister (most power) President Prime Minister is usually head of the dominant political party. There are 2 major political parties. The Knesset is the Parliament. It holds most of the power in the Israeli government. Israelis that are 18 and older vote for the Knesset’s 120 members (who then chose Prime Minister). Saudi Arabia Oligarchy King Hereditary; passed down to males in al-Saud family Consultative Council; 120 members King chooses 2/3rds of the members In 2004, the Saudi govt began allowing men who are 21+ to vote for some of their local officials; women cannot vote Iran Theocratic Republic 1. Supreme Leader (unlimited power, always an ayatollah) 2. President The Assembly of Experts chooses the Supreme Leader and he holds the position for life. Present is elected by the people. Consultative Assembly Iranian people elect the Assembly of Experts, parliament, and the president by popular vote. Citizens 18+ can vote for the 290 members of the Assembly.

Governments in Africa Country Distribution of Power Type of Gov’t Executive Branch How are leaders chosen? Legislative Branch Role of Citizen/Citizen Participation Kenya Unitary Presidential Democracy President Any Kenyan citizen 18 and older can vote Kenyan National Assembly Freedoms are written into the constitution, but government is dominated by the president South Africa Parliamentary Democracy 1. President 1. Citizens 18 and older vote for members of the National Assembly (parliament) 2. The National assembly selects the president National Assembly Freedoms are numerous for South African citizens since the end of apartheid

Governments in Southeast Asia Country Distribution of Power Type of Gov’t Executive Branch How are leaders chosen? Legislative Branch Role of Citizen/Citizen Participation India Federal Parliamentary Democracy Prime Minister Head of government (most power) President – head of state (no political power) Leader of the majority party in Parliament Elected by parliament Parliament is the legislative branch – citizens vote for members of parliament Citizens over 18 can vote – numerous freedoms Japan Unitary Emperor – head of state (no political power) Prime Minister –Head of govt (most power) Hereditary; passed down Japanese Parliament is called the Diet Citizens over 20 vote – several political freedoms People’s Republic of China Oligarchy – communist state President – head of state (NO POWER) Premier –head of govt (most power) Only 1 political party – the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Elections take place, but candidates must be approved by CCP National People’s Congress –members are chosen by government Over 18 can vote, but only vote for people approved by CCP.