A.P. WORLD HISTORY: THEMES

PIRATES INTERACTIONS TECHNOLOGY Industry War, Conflict Trade, Commerce Exchanges, Migrations Diplomacy, Alliances Transnational Organizations TECHNOLOGY Industry Science, Invention, Innovation Power Transportation Communication RELIGION Religion World Views Philosophy Secularism, Atheism Ideologies and “isms” ECONOMICS Industrialization Economic Systems Capitalism, Socialism Business Organizations Labor, Labor Organizations Art and architecture Cultural Intellectual Arts, Architecture Family, Lifestyles Literatures SOCIAL STRUCTURES Economic, Social Classes Gender Roles, Relations Inequalities Family, Kinship Racial, Ethnic Constructs POLITICS Nations, nationalism Empires Forms of Government Revolts, Revolutions State-building, expansion Demography, Disease Human, Environment Interaction Patterns of Settlement Geography, Region Agriculture, Pastoralism

POLITICS: FUNCTIONS & STRUCTURES OF STATES; REVOLUTIONS

INTERACTIONS War, Diplomacy, Exchanges

DEMOGRAPHY & ENVIRONMENT URBANIZATION, MIGRATION, ECOCIDE

RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL How does each society view, explain the world?

ARTS, INTELLECT,Culture

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY

ECONOMICS: TRADE, ECONOMIC STSTEMS

SOCIAL, GENDER, WORKERS HIERARCHIES INEQUALITIES, ELITES

CHANGE & CONTINUITY

A.P. WORLD HISTORY: PERIODIZATION

WHAT IS PERIODIZATION? Each period is defined by specific conditions A geographical delineation that answers where When civilization contracts, shrinks geographically When civilization spreads from smaller to wider area Contacts and Interactions Increase, decrease in contacts across regions Parallel Developments Whether indigenous or diffused, Shared characteristics Dates Time is not best way to define a period Characteristics and chronology Period may occur At different time In different regions

PRE-HISTORY Two Sub-Periods of the Stone Age Geographic Component Paleolithic Nomadic, hunting and gathering Small bands led by those with specialized hunting knowledge Neolithic Sedentary, farming and herding Semi-Nomadic: Slash/Burn (Shifting) and Pastoralism Villages with tribal structures, families; chiefs Geographic Component It occurred at different times in different places Chronological Component Paleolithic from 1 million to 8000 BCE Neolithic from 6000 BCE to 4500 BCE Technology Stone, bone and wood gave way to handicrafts, artifacts

ANCIENT PERIOD Geography: River Valleys From 4,500 BCE to 1,000 BCE Begins with agricultural surpluses Leads to towns, cities, changes to hierarchy Generally small city-states, hereditary rulers Elite classes especially warriors, priests Rise of Institutions Long lasting social patterns Religion and Government Time of Technological Innovation Two Alternate Names Hearth Civilizations, Ancient River Valley Civilizations Bronze Age Civilizations Ends with rise of large, regional empires

CLASSICAL PERIOD 1,000 BCE to 500 CE Integrate regions Iron Age Large, regional empires Military aristocracies Integrate regions Cosmopolitan Traditions Religions, Philosophies Regional Civilizations China, India, SW Asia (Cuneiform), Mediterranean Mesoamerica and Andean America Strong contacts between regional centers Many areas outside classical civilizations Ends with massive nomadic invasions

POST-CLASSICAL AGE 6th century CE to 1450 CE Characteristics Began with rise of Islam First trans-regional civilization Spans Eurasia and Africa Era of two great powers: Islam, China Ended due to Turks, Mongols, Black Death Characteristics Spread of universalizing religions, philosophies Buddhism, Islam, Christianity Saw rise of new civilization centers Andes, Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, SE Asia, Japan Emergence of network of global contacts Ages of Faith, Aristocracy, Age of Increasing Inequalities especially Gender

EARLY MODERN ERA 1450 – 1750 CE World Shrinks Great exchanges Rise of gunpowder empires An Age of Absolutism Rise of Western Europe Religious Strife World Shrinks All continents included in world network Global trade develops for first time Great exchanges Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs Ideas especially European, Christianity Demographic Shifts in Americas, Eurasia

MODERN AGE 1750 to 1914: “The West and the Rest” Era of massive technological change Era of many revolutions Technological Political Social Intellectual, Artistic Vast trade networks Western Global Hegemony Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia USA, Japan are newest powers Dominance of Western Culture Resistance Modernization, Industrialization, Westernization? Demographic shift; urbanization

CONTEMPORARY ERA 1914 to Present “Change, Change, Change” 1914 – 1945: Europe’s Twilight 1945 – Present: Atomic Age The American Century, Retreat of Europe Rise of Pacific Rim, India Collapse of European empires Jihad vs. McWorld Modernization vs. westernization Modernization vs. traditionalism Secularism vs. change Rise of new political forms Non-State Governmental Organizations Supranationalism; Internationalism Mass culture Technology, telecommunications dominate age Demography and Environment as Major Concerns