Skeletal System

What is this bone called? Patella Vertebrae Cranium Sternum 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

What is this bone called? Femur Tibia Humerus Fibula 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

What is this bone called? Tarsals Phalanges Metacarpals Carpals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

5 Functions of Skeletal System Framework gives shape & support to body

5 Functions of Skeletal System Framework gives shape & support to body Bones protect the internal organs

Skeletal System Major muscles of body are attached to the bones Framework gives shape & support to body Bones protect the internal organs Major muscles of body are attached to the bones

5 Functions of Skeletal System Framework gives shape & support to body Bones protect the internal organs Major muscles of body are attached to the bones Blood cells are formed in red marrow of some bones

5 Functions of Skeletal System Framework gives shape & support to body Bones protect the internal organs Major muscles of body are attached to the bones Blood cells are formed in red marrow of some bones Skeleton is a place where major quantities of calcium and phosphorus compounds are stored

Which is NOT a function of the skeletal system? To make new blood cells To protect vital organs like your heart, lungs & brain To store nutrients To move your body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Bone Structure Surface: covered with tough, tight fitting membrane called periosteum Blood vessels carry nutrients into the bone Important in the growth and repair of bone

Bone Structure Compact bone: under the periosteum Contains bone cells, blood vessels, minerals and elastic fibers Elastic fibers keep bone flexible

Bones Compact bone: under the periosteum Contains bone cells, Rickets Compact bone: under the periosteum Contains bone cells, blood vessels, minerals and elastic fibers Elastic fibers keep bone flexible 2 diseases that result from a lack of mineral in bone: rickets, osteoporosis Osteoporosis

Bones Spongy bone: found towards the end of the bone Less compact Has many small open spaces that make the bone light weight

Bones Marrow: a fatty tissue that fills the cavities, or spaces, in bones Produces red blood cells—2-3 billion per second Produces white blood cells

Bones Cartilage: thick smooth layer of tissue that covers the ends of the bones Flexible, important at the joints because it absorbs shock and makes movement easier

What part of the bone contains elastic fibers for flexibility? Bone marrow Compact bone Cartilage Spongy bone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

What part of the bone makes new blood cells? Bone marrow Compact bone Cartilage Spongy bone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

What part of the bone makes new bone cells? Bone Marrow Compact bone Periosteum Spongy bone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Joints Any place where 2 or more bones meet Ligaments: tough bands of tissue that hold bones together at the joints

Joints Classification of Joints Immovable: allows little or no movement Skull, pelvis

Joints Classification of Joints Movable: allows body to make a wide range of movements Pivot: 1 rotates in the ring of another (arm, head)

Joints Classification of Joints Movable: allows body to make a wide range of movements Pivot: (arm, head) Ball and socket: 1 bone has a rounded end that fits into a cup-like cavity on another bone (shoulder, hip)

Joints Classification of Joints Movable: allows body to make a wide range of movements Pivot: (arm, head) Ball and socket: (shoulder, hip) Hinge: has a back and forth movement (elbow, knee, fingers)

Joints Classification of Joints Movable: allows body to make a wide range of movements Pivot: (arm, head) Ball and socket: (shoulder, hip) Hinge: (elbow, knee, fingers) Gliding: 1 part of the bone glides over another bone (wrist, ankle)

What is the tissue called that holds bones together at the joints? Ligament Tendon Cartilage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

What type of joint only allows movement going backward and forward? 1. 3. Pivot Ball-and-socket Hinge Sliding 2. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

What type of joint allows for the greatest range of movement? 1. 3. Immovable Ball-and-socket Hinge Gliding 2. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Bone Dance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGdK4T7WUrA&feature=related

Brain Pop Skeletal System http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/skeleton/zoom.weml

Muscular System

What is this muscle called? Gluteus maximus Quadriceps Gastrocnemius Soleus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

What is this muscle called? Pectoralis Deltoid Trapezius Triceps 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

What is this muscle called? Biceps Triceps Internal Obliques External Obliques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Functions of the Muscular System Muscles are the motors that move body parts Muscles always pull, they never push

Functions of the Muscular System Muscles are the motors that move body parts Muscles always pull, they never push Pairs of skeletal muscles work together: 1 muscle contracts while the other muscle relaxes

Functions of the Muscular System Maintain homeostasis by keeping body temperature constant When muscles contract, chemical energy (glucose) is converted to thermal energy (heat)

When sitting, what must your thigh muscles do to straighten your legs? One muscle contracts & the other relaxes. Both musts contract. Both muscles relax. One must pulls on the bone & the other pulls on the first muscle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Groups of Muscles Voluntary—you can control these Arms, legs, hands, face Involuntary—you can’t control these, don’t have to decide to make these muscles work Muscles around heart

Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscle Most numerous in body Voluntary Looks striped (striated) Contract quickly, tire easily Attached to the bones by tendons (thick bands that pull on the bone as the muscle contracts)

Types of Muscle Tissue Smooth muscle Found in: walls of stomach, intestine, uterus, etc. Involuntary No striations Contracts and relaxes slowly

Types of Muscle Tissue Cardiac muscle Only found in heart Involuntary Has striations Contracts 70 times per minute (heartbeat)

What attaches muscles to bones? Cartilage Muscles Tendons Ligaments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Which picture shows smooth muscle? 1. Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Intestinal Muscle 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

What type of muscle is involuntary and striated? Skeletal Smooth Intestinal Cardiac 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Which is NOT a function of the muscular system? To move your body To help protect other organs To help digest food To help pump blood 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Brain Pop Muscles http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/muscles/preview.weml