Meters, Grams and Liters The Metric System Meters, Grams and Liters

The Metric System The metric system is a measurement system based on our decimal (base 10) number system. Other countries and all scientists and engineers use the metric system for measurement.

Metric Prefixes Prefix Symbol Factor Number Factor Word Kilo- k 1000 Metric Units The metric system has prefix modifiers that are multiples of 10. Prefix Symbol Factor Number Factor Word Kilo- k 1000 Thousand Hecto- h 100 Hundred Deca- da or dk 10 Ten Unit m, l, or g 1 One Deci- d .1 Tenth Centi- c .01 Hundredth Milli- m .001 thousandth

Place Values of Metric Prefixes Thousand Hundred Ten One Tenth Hundredth Thousandth km kg kL hm hg hL dkm dkg dkL m g L dm dg dL cm cg cL mm mg mL

This is how it looks on a staircase chart.

Why use the SI System? Scientists use the SI System worldwide because: Measurements are easily understood by all scientists Measurements are easier to convert than the English system

Why use the SI System? There are two systems of measurement US/Customary System which we use here Then there is the metric system which is used all over the world. In the U.S. we use the English or Standard System, most of the rest of the world uses the Metric or SI System. The SI (International System of Units) system is the form of measurement typically used by scientists.

Basic Types of Measurement Length: measures distance between objects Volume: measures the amount of space something takes up Mass: measures the amount of matter in an object Weight: how much something weighs

Basic Types of Measurement Other Types of measurement include: time temperature density PH

Metric Measurement: Length Length is the distance between two points. Does not matter if it is width, height, depth, etc. All are length measurements. The basic unit of length in the SI System is the meter. The meter is about the length of the English yard (3 feet). Area is a variation of a length measurement. Area is length x width. Expressed in units2 (m2, cm2, mm2 etc.)

Metric Measurement: Mass Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter in an object. Basic unit of mass is the gram. There are 454 grams in one pound. Weight and mass are related, but NOT the same. Weight is the pull of gravity on an object The greater the mass, the larger the pull of gravity.

Metric Measurement: Volume Volume is a measurement of the amount of space something takes up. The basic unit used for volume is the liter. This unit is used for the volumes of liquids. Volumes of solids are figured using this formula: (L)ength x (W)idth x (H)eight cm x cm x cm = cm3 Objects without a definite length, width or height (a rock for example), can use water displacement to determine volume. NOTE: 1 ml = 1 cm3

Metric Measurement: Temperature Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the atoms in an object. Temperature is measured with a thermometer and measured in Celsius or Kelvin. Celsius ranges from 0 (freezing) to 100 (boiling). The Kelvin scale begins at absolute zero, or 0 K. At 0 Kelvin no more heat can be removed from an object. To convert to Kelvin you add 273 degrees to the Celsius reading. Freezing in Kelvin is 273 K, boiling is 373 K.

Density is how much matter is in something (mass), compared to the amount of space it takes up (volume). The formula for density is: Mass (grams) Density = Volume (cm3) So the unit for density is g / cm3 Every substance has a density, and that density always remains the same. Density can be used to figure out what an unknown substance is. The density of water is 1 g / cm3

Estimation Estimation is using your knowledge of something similar in size or amount to determine the size of the new object. Helps to make a rough measurement of an object. Usefully when you are in a hurry and exact numbers are not required.

Precision and Accuracy Precision is a description of how close measurements are to each other. Accuracy is comparing your measurement to the actual or accepted value.

Let’s try some more problems. 32 dg = ________ g 8 g = ________ cg 59 g = ________ dag 1 hg = ________ dg 12 hm = ________ km 9 km = ________ dam 7.3 kg = ________ dag 1,600 mg = ________ g **Make sure you show me your work!!!!

Meters Meters measure length or distance One millimeter is about the thickness of a dime.

Meters One centimeter is about the width of a large paper clip or your fingernail.

Meters A meter is about the width of a doorway

Meters A kilometer is about six city blocks or 10 football fields. 1.6 kilometers is about 1 mile

Gram Grams are used to measure mass or the weight of an object.

Grams A milligram weighs about as much as a grain of salt.

Grams 1 gram weighs about as much as a small paper clip. 1 kilogram weighs about as much as 6 apples or 2 pounds.

Liters Liters measure liquids or capacity. 2 Liter Soda

Liter 1 milliliter is about the amount of one drop

Liter 1 liter is half of a 2 liter bottle of Coke or other soda

Liter A kiloliter would be about 500 2-liter bottles of pop

What unit would you use to measure each of the following items?

Which unit would you use to measure the length of this bicycle? km m cm mm

Which unit would you use to measure the mass of a penny? km g cL mg

Which unit would you use to measure the water in an aquarium? L m cL mg

Which unit would you use to measure the mass of a feather? L m cL mg

Which unit would you use to measure the mass of a student desk? kg g cL mg

Which unit would you use to measure the mass of a whole watermelon? kg g cL mg

Which unit would you use to measure the mass of an egg? kg g mm mg

Which unit would you use to measure a can of soup? kL L mm mL

Which unit would you use to measure this glass of milk? kL L cL mL

Which unit would you use to measure the distance across Kansas? km m cm mL

Which unit would you use to measure the height of a tree? km m cm mm

Which unit would you use to measure the length of a bracelet? km m cm mm

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Changing Metric Units To change from one unit to another in the metric system you simply multiply or divide by a power of 10.

To change from a larger unit to a smaller unit, you need to multiply. 1 km x 1000 = 1000 m 1 m x 100 = 100 cm 1 cm x 10 = 10mm

Place Values of Metric Prefixes Move the decimal point to the right to multiply. Thousand Hundred Ten One Tenth Hundredth Thousandth km kL kg hm hL hg dkm dkL dkg m L g dm dL dg cm cL cg mm mL mg

Place Values of Metric Prefixes Thousand Hundred Ten One Tenth Hundredth Thousandth km kg kL hm hg hL dkm dkg dkL m g L dm dg dL cm cg cL mm mg mL

To change from smaller units to larger units you divide by a power of ten. 1000mm ÷ 10 = 100cm 100cm ÷ 10 = 10dm 10dm ÷ 10 = 1m

Place Values of Metric Prefixes Move the decimal point to the left to divide. Thousand Hundred Ten One Tenth Hundredth Thousandth km kL kg hm hL hg dkm dkL dkg m L g dm dL dg cm cL cg mm mL mg

Place Values of Metric Prefixes km kg kL hm hg hL dkm dkg dkL m g L dm dg dL cm cg cL mm mg mL 3km 30hm 300dkm 3000m 4L 30000dm 300000cm 12cm 3000000mm

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