SIDE-GROUP ISOMERS.

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Presentation transcript:

SIDE-GROUP ISOMERS

SIDE-GROUP ISOMERS Isomers - Isomers are chemicals which have the same chemical formula, but different arrangement of atoms. - Nomenclature should help differentiate one isomer from another.

SIDE-GROUP ISOMERS Propyl isomers: n-propyl group isopropyl group CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH-CH3 l CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

SIDE-GROUP ISOMERS Propyl isomers: n-propyl group isopropyl group

SIDE-GROUP ISOMERS Butyl isomers: n-butyl group sec-butyl group isobutyl group tert-butyl group (t-butyl) CH3 l CH2 CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 l CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH-CH3 l CH2 CH3 l CH3-C-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

SIDE-GROUP ISOMERS Butyl isomers: n-butyl group sec-butyl group isobutyl group tert-butyl group (t-butyl)

SIDE-GROUP ISOMERS Terms: Iso – “equal”/”middle” Sec – “secondary” Tert – “tertiary” CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH-CH3 l CH2 (unlike prefixes like “di” and “tri”, the “i” in iso affects the alphabetical order) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 l 2 carbons adjacent to the carbon that is attached to the main chain CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3 l CH3-C-CH3 3 carbons adjacent to the carbon that is attached to the main chain

SIDE-GROUP ISOMERS IUPAC naming system: Name the following molecules 5-tert-butylnonane 4-isopropylhept-1-ene

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS Aromatic hydrocarbons contain a benzene ring, C6H6, as a base Most of these compounds are volatile (easily vaporized) and are associated with a distinct aroma (good or bad)

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IUPAC naming system: With side-chains, aromatic naming follows similar rules as for C-chains. methylbenzene chlorobenzene ethylbenzene

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IUPAC naming system: When benzene is considered to be a side group, it is called a phenyl group 3-phenylheptane

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IUPAC naming system: When only two groups are present on benzene, the following prefixes are used: ortho meta para o-dimethylbenzene m-dimethylbenzene p-dimethylbenzene 1,2-dimethylbenzene 1,3-dimethylbenzene 1,4-dimethylbenzene

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS Solve these Rebus puzzles: