the Sponges Phylum Porifera

I. General Information Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Porifera Porifera = “pore bearer” Yellow barrel sponge Pink lumpy sponge

I. General Information Size range – 1 cm to 2 meters in diameter Giant Barrel sponges

II. Body Structure Ostia – pores – many, water IN Oscula – large opening(s), one or few, water OUT osculum

II. Body Structure C. Choanocytes – collar cells; have flagella D. Amoebocytes – transport food to layer of cells not on the surface

II. Body Structure E. Spicules – “skeleton” hard splinter-like; made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or silica (Si) F. Spongin – flexible protein

III. Level of organization A. Cellular B. Eukaryotic C. No tissues Japanese Deep Sea Sponge

IV. Symmetry A. Some asymetrical B. Some radial

V. Habitat Aquatic - A. Marine and B. Fresh-water Purple Rope sponge Fresh-water Sponge

VI. Feeding Heterotrophic Filter feeders Food trapped by choanocytes Intracellular digestion (within the cell) No digestive tract

VI. Feeding Water & food goes in via ostia Choanocytes trap food in spongocoel Amoebocytes carry food to inner layer of cells Water out osculum

VII. Respiration - via diffusion

VIII. Internal transport via diffusion

IX. Excretion Via DIFFUSION!!!!!

IX. Response NONE ! No Nervous System No cephalization Pipe organ sponge

X. Locomotion = movementor motility Larvae Free- swimming, use cilia Adults Sessile (do NOT move)

XI. Reproduction Asexual budding b. gemmules formed in stress conditions

XI. Reproduction 2. Sexual a. Most monoecious = both sexes in same organism (hermaphrodites) egg & sperm produced cross fertilization egg + sperm => free-swimming larvae

XI. Reproduction 2. Sexual b. Some dioecious Separate sexes Egg OR sperm produced Sponge releasing sperm

XII. Ecological Roles Habitat for other aquatic animals B. Food for some

XII. Ecological Roles C. Home use: bathing, cleaning, home improvement, other

XII. Ecological Roles D. Medical research Sponges do not get cancer Why not? Maybe we can use what keeps them from getting cancer to treat humans………..

Azure Vase Sponge

Giant Barrel Sponge

White Cryptic Sponge

Elephant Ear Sponge

Stove pipe sponge

Yellow Vase Sponges

Yellow Barrel Sponge

Red Branch Sponge

How deep would the oceans be if there were no sponges?