Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

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Presentation transcript:

Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

DNA and Genes Chapter 11

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Polymer of repeating units of nucleotides Simple sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)

Structure Two strands of nucleotides held together by nitrogenous bases Weak hydrogen bonds Adenine always pairs with thymine Guanine always pairs with cytosine Double helix

Replication Enzyme breaks hydrogen bond between bases DNA “unzips” Each side of original DNA strand becomes a template strand for complementary strand to form on Free floating nucleotides attach to their base pair by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases and covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate groups

Interesting facts about DNA If you unwrap the DNA from all your cells and stretched it out-it would reach to the moon 6000 times A chromosome can have between 50 million and 250 million base pairs The average gene is between 10,000 to 15,000 bases long Humans have 20,000 to 25,000 genes It takes about 8 hours for one of your cells to copy it’s DNA

Build a DNA molecule Use your materials and follow the instructions to complete your DNA molecule

From DNA to Protein It is the job of the cell to make proteins These proteins from complex, 3D shapes that become structures and enzymes Proteins are polymers of amino acids

RNA Nucleic acid Single stranded Sugar is ribose (DNA-deoxyribose) Uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) in DNA-forms base pair with adenine (A) The actual worker that builds the protein Three types mRNA-messenger rRNA-ribosomal tRNA-transfer

Transcription A RNA copy is made of a segment of DNA mRNA forms complementary sequence Leaves nucleus to enter cytoplasm

Codon A group of three nitrogenous bases of mRNA that code for one amino acid Codon chart on page 292

Translation Process of converting mRNA information into a sequence of amino acids to from proteins Takes place at the ribosomes (made up of rRNA) tRNA brings a specific amino acid to the ribosome Anticodon forms base pair with codon

MiniLab 11.1 on page 293 A B C D E DNA Base Sequence Process mRNA Codon tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid AAT GGG ATA AAA GTT

LINCS DNA replication Codon Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transcription Transfer RNA Translation

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