Broad Based, Grass Roots Reform Movement (1900 – 1920)

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Presentation transcript:

Broad Based, Grass Roots Reform Movement (1900 – 1920) Progressive Era Broad Based, Grass Roots Reform Movement (1900 – 1920)

Roots of Progressivism Land of the Free Arose from Laissez Faire debate… Gov could be used to improve American life

Disempowerment Diverse Support Urban middle class. Writers – Muckrakers. Farmers – former populists. Industrial workers & labor unions. Evangelical Protestants Women Political leaders – Teddy Roosevelt (R), Wilson (D).

Progressive Beliefs World had Changed. Individualistic Freedom (apart from) Interconnected Freedom (a part of) Wage labor  Living wage Freedom in Marketplace, not just workplace. All Americans free to participate in shared consumer society – including women

Forward-Looking (Progress…ive) Liked Industrialization Did not want to return to agrarian past Only wanted to correct evils and abuses of Gilded Age Gov corruption, unfair business practices, child labor, loose morals Believed in ability of experts to solve problems But….

Moderate Reform Movement Not radical / socialist Democracy for the Able not everyone Limited change No racial equality Limitation of immigration

Practical Goals of the Progressives: Political: Direct control over gov’t (initiative & referendum, recall, direct primaries) Suffrage for women Reduce corruption (secret ballot) Economic: Reform Business Practices & power Bread & Butter Issues End Child Labor Social: Protect Environment Prohibition

Progressive Era Decision-Making Use FRAME to create specific proposals in your area, focusing on Mental Simulation: 1. Workers 2. Food Safety 3. Corruption 4. Inequality / Monopolies 5. City Problems Consider G reasoning (Parts/Wholes), CE, and Comps Also implementation – how will your ideas happen? Agree / Disagree – Discuss your proposals Evaluate your proposal as compared to outcomes.

Federal Accomplishments 16th Amendment (1913) – national income tax. 17th Amendment (1913) – Direct election of senators. 18th Amendment (1919) – Prohibition (alcohol) 19th Amendment (1920) – Women’s right to vote. Consumer protection– Pure Food & Drug Act. Protection for union activities. Sherman Antitrust Act Restrict Big Business (Teddy Roosevelt) Break Up Big Business (Woodrow Wilson)

State and Local Accomplishments – Welfare benefits, workers’ comp laws. Labor laws, including child labor Consumer protection & health protection. Democratic Reforms: Initiative, Referendum, Recall, Secret Ballots. Environmental Protections Schools

Women’s Movement Arguments Women should be given the right to vote. Like men, they deserve the fundamental rights of mankind – life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Central to political liberty is the right to vote. Women should be given the right to vote. Their nature as compassionate, angelic creatures will clean up the corrupt politics of the Gilded Age. Besides, women are far more educated than the male immigrants and blacks who currently vote.

Reasoning The Progressive Movement emerged from a number of forces in American society at the turn of the century. Former populists and labor organizations formed in the conflicts of the late 1800’s led the movement for better economic conditions for the common man. This was a central goal of the Progressives, so these groups supported laws requiring a 40-hour workweek, a minimum wage, worker safety and protection for unions and banning child labor. Second, writers known as muckrakers caused the Progressive Movement. Finally, Progressives were supported by urban middle class reformers who witnessed the horrible conditions of the nation’s cities.