Poriferans and Cnidarians The Invertebrates Poriferans and Cnidarians

“Tissue Animals” tissues but no organs animal cell structure embryonic stages of development all aquatic

Phylum Porifera “pore bearing” the sponges

Characteristics found mainly in marine habitats adult is sessile unresponsive to most environmental changes living pumps use ostia/osculum to draw water in and out 1cm to 2m

Structure of Sponges (picture on page 345) epidermis collar cells mesenchyme amoebocytes spicules

Structures epidermis – protects the exterior of the sponge mesenchyme – jellylike matrix that holds structures amoebocytes – transport food and carry wastes away spicules – supporting framework, used to determine the difference between a simple or complex sponge

made up of calcium carbonate (lime), silica, or spongin Grantia spicules micrograph taken in studio by Ginger Ericson, BJU Press Distance Learning made up of calcium carbonate (lime), silica, or spongin

Life Process collar cells line cavities of sponges, have flagella that generates the water flow engulf food particles and partially digest water enters through ostia and leaves through osculum excretion and respiration by diffusion

osculum ostium Grantia c.s., 40x micrograph taken in studio by Ginger Ericson, BJU Press Distance Learning Grantia c.s., 40x

epidermis collar cells mesenchyme micrograph taken in studio by Ginger Ericson, BJU Press Distance Learning mesenchyme Grantia c.s., 1000x

Uses animal homes camouflage padding for Greek armor Roman paintbrushes drinking cup at crucifixion manmade cleaning and surgical tools

Asexual Reproduction budding (favorable conditions) gemmules (unfavorable conditions) parents die, but gemmule is enclosed in a tough spicule coat and survives regeneration

Sexual Reproduction primarily in the spring sperm from one sponge unites with egg from another sponge to form a zygote.

Phylum Cnidaria the hydra and jellyfish

The Cnidarians three classes: hydrozoa, scyphozoan, anthozoa two basic forms polyp sessile body form medusa bell-shaped, motile body form