European Colonization and the Columbian Exchange Essential Questions: What factors led to the creation and development of distinct Spanish, French, and Dutch colonial regions in North America? How did relations between Spanish, French, and Dutch colonists and Native Americans evolve over time? How did the Columbian Exchange affect Europe, Africa, and North America? How did it affect interaction between and among Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans? How did cultural contact challenge the identities and value systems of peoples from the Americas, Africa, and Europe?  Readings: Kennedy Ch. 1 (When Worlds Collide – end) Columbian Exchange DBQ documents

Notes: Colonization and Columbian Exchange Map: 1763

Conquest of Central/South America Mexico 1519: Cortez sailed from Cuba to Mexico. The Aztecs first thought the Spanish were gods 1521 Cortez attacked the Aztecs with the help of other Native Americans. The Aztecs were defeated mainly because of smallpox Peru 1530: Pizarro left Panama to conquer the Incas. The Spanish pretended to be friendly and ambushed and killed the emperor. The Spanish forced the Inca to become Christian and were used as a labor force. The caption means “Now the Mexica (Aztecs) were finished.” The Aztecs surrender to Cortex, The British Library

Colonial Latin America 1st settlement in present-day U.S. = St. Augustine, FL (1565) Conquistadors: (Spanish Nobles) owned the land Spanish born citizens filled most positions in the government and military. Gold and silver shipped back to Spain. Encomienda system: harsh system of forced labor. Natives were often forced to convert to the Catholic religion. Eventually the mixing of Spanish and Native blood created a mestizo class of people.

Presidios – Forts built to protect Spanish outposts and colonies Mission System - established congregaciones in which natives would farm, live and worship like Catholic Europeans

Stand up – Hand up – Pair up When I say “go,” you’ll stand up, put one hand in the air, and high-five the 1st person you see that isn’t your shoulder partner. After high-fiving, say hello and find out their birthdate then wait for further instructions.

Rally back and forth – person 1 starts (person 1 has the longest hair) Pick out 1 character in the image and describe what they might be saying.

What images or symbols stick out to you? What is the artist’s message?

New France (continue notes) French missionaries tried to convert the Indians Settled along the St. Lawrence River and expanded down the Mississippi River Hunters and trappers (coureurs de bois – “runners of the woods”) Established friendly relations with the Indians as business partners Largely free of government control

New Netherlands Settled along the Hudson River New Amsterdam (New York City) became the center for trade. Controlled by Dutch West India Company The Dutch and French became rivals in the fur trade. The Rivals established alliances with Native tribes, thus increasing warfare among the Indians, French, Dutch, and English.

The English Colonies (much more on this later) English sought to establish colonies based on agriculture large numbers of men and women sent to acquire land and populate settlements hostile relationships with American Indians.

Key Concepts/Definitions: Columbian Exchange: sharing of plants, animals, diseases, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres as a direct result of Columbus’ arrival to the Americas in 1492. Triangular Trade: trade between Africa, Europe and Americas of slaves, manufactured goods, and raw goods New World: the Americas Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa

Docs 1.2: Columbian Exchange DBQ Stations You will rotate through 6 Stations, completing work in your document journal. After you complete your research, we will answer the following: Evaluate the positive and negative effects of the exchange between Europe and the New World. How did culture in the Americas change as a result of exploration?

Wrap Up What factors led to the creation and development of distinct Spanish, French, and Dutch colonial regions in North America? How did relations between Spanish, French, and Dutch colonists and Native Americans evolve over time? How did the Columbian Exchange affect Europe, Africa, and North America? How did it affect interaction between and among Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans? How did cultural contact challenge the identities and value systems of peoples from the Americas, Africa, and Europe?