Industrialization Spreads Chapter 9 Section 3

Industrialization spreads to the U.S. U.S. had same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize: Water Coal Iron Ore Immigrant Workers

Textile Industry

Textile Industry first to industrialize 1790 first factory in the U.S. is opened in Rhode Island (made thread)

Lowell Factory 1813 Francis Lowell mechanized every step of cloth manufacturing ● Opened factory in Massachusetts

Lowell Factory 1813 used young immigrant girls as labor worked 12 hours a day 6 days a week

Later Industrialization in the U.S. Inventions sped up the process Industrial Revolution takes off after the Civil War 1865 Railroads: companies could ship and sell their goods in other parts of the country

Industrialization Reaches the Rest of Europe Industrial Revolution was slow to hit rest of Europe Napoleon’s wars halted trade, interrupted communications between countries, caused inflation (currency becomes less valuable)

Beginnings in Belgium

Beginnings in Belgium first European nation to adopt Britain’s new technology 1799 William Cockerill (British carpenter) smuggled plans to build spinning jenny into Belgium (turns cotton/wool into thread)

John Cockerill William’s ● built son an industrial enterprise in Belgium made machinery, steam engines, and railway locomotives British workers poured into to Belgium

Germany Industrializes

Germany Industrializes Germany was politically divided until late 1800’s Industrialization was slowed: political disunity economic isolation ● scattered resources

Pockets of industrialization (1830’s on) some German citizens sent their kids to Great Britain to learn engineering Germany began to copy the British model Germany built railroads to link its growing cities Germany’s economic strength allowed it to become a military and colonial superpower in the late 1800’s-early 1900’s

Stop and Ponder! “Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.” Søren Aabye Kierkegaard

Expansion Throughout Europe Spain processed cotton Bohemia developed spinning industry’ Northern Italy mechanized textile production (making clothes)

France

France railroads created a national market for goods in France industrial growth occurred after 1850 railroads created a national market for goods in France French government built railroads

Other European nations industrialization did not occur at this time (mid 1800’s) mountainous terrain disallowed railroads to be built (Austria-Hungary) lack of waterways for transportation (Spain)

Worldwide Impact of Industrialization spreads around the world

Worldwide Impact of Industrialization Industrial Revolution shifted balance of power away from Africa, Asia, Latin America and towards Europe

Rise of global inequality Industrialization widened the gap between Europe and Africa/Asia/Latin America

Natural Resources Europe colonized and stole natural resources/raw materials from its colonies in Africa/Asia/Latin America

Finished Products Europe forced their colonies to buy the finished products made with their raw materials!

Britain led the way in colonization America, Russia, Germany, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Japan soon followed in taking colonies

Industrialism Leads to Imperialism Imperialism= one country ruling over many other smaller countries

Imperialism in Asia by 1914

Imperialism in Africa by 1914

Imperialism in Africa 1914 By 1914 (start of World War I) Ethiopia is the only independent nation left in Africa!

African/Asian economies were still based in agriculture and small workshops This was why Africa/Asia industrialized slower than EuropeA Africa and Asia