AFRICA

Niger RIVER It is the principal river of western Africa, extending about 4,180 km. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in southeastern Guinea. It runs in a crescent through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded only by the Nile and the Congo River.

Niger RIVER It is the principal river of western Africa, extending about 4,180 km. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in southeastern Guinea. It runs in a crescent through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded only by the Nile and the Congo River.

zambezi RIVER Is the fourth-longest river in Africa, and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. The Zambezi's most well-known feature is the Victoria Falls.

Nile RIVER Is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. It is 6,650 km long. It runs through the ten countries of : Sudan, South Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Egypt. The northern section of the river flows almost entirely through desert, from Sudan into Egypt, a country whose civilization has depended on the river since ancient times. The Nile ends in a large delta that empties into the Mediterranean Sea.

Madagascar At 592,800 square kilometres, Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island. It is separated from Africa by the Mozambique channel. Even though it is closest to Africa, its land mass was originally part of India and Antartica. The most densely populated part of the island and are characterized by terraced, rice-growing valleys lying between grassy, deforested hills.

Sudanian savanna The Sudanian Savanna is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the African continent, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Ethiopian Highlands in the east. The Sahel, a belt of drier grasslands and acacia savannas, lies to the north, between the Sudanian Savanna and the Sahara Desert. To the south the forest-savanna mosaic is a transition zone.

Congo basin

Congo basin The Congo Basin is the sedimentary basin that is the drainage of the Congo River of west equatorial Africa. The basin begins in the highlands of the East African Rift system with input from the Chambeshi River, the Uele and Ubangi Rivers in the upper reaches and the Lualaba River draining wetlands in the middle.

The red sea Is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Suez. The Red Sea has a surface area of roughly 438,000 km² It is the world's northernmost tropical sea.

Mount kilimanjaro Kilimanjaro, with its three volcanic cones, Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira, is a dormant volcano in Kilimanjaro National Park, Tanzania and the highest mountain in Africa at 5,895 metres above sea level. Kilimanjaro is a giant stratovolcano that began forming a million years ago, when lava spilled from the Rift Valley zone.

Victoria, chad & tanganyika lakes Chad: is a historically large, shallow lake in Africa, the size of which has varied over the centuries. Tanganyika: is an African Great Lake. It is estimated to be the second largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, and the second deepest. Lake Victoria: is one of the African Great Lakes. The lake was named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Lake Victoria receives most of its water from direct precipitation or from thousands of small streams. Africa’s largest lake, 2nd larget freshwater lake in the world

Great Horn

Great Horn Is a peninsula in East Africa that juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. It is the easternmost projection of the African continent. The Horn of Africa denotes the region containing the countries of Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Somalia. It covers approximately 2,000,000 km² and is inhabited by roughly 100 million people.

The sahel The Sahel is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition between the Sahara desert in the North and the Sudanian Savannas in the south. It stretches across the north of the African continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea. The Arabic word sāḥil literally means "shore, coast”, describing the appearance of the vegetation of the Sahel as a coastline delimiting the sand of the Sahara.

Sahara Desert It is the world's largest hot desert and second largest desert, after Antarctica. At over 9,400,000 square kms, it covers most of Northern Africa, making it almost as large as China or the United States. The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts, to the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean. The desert landforms of the Sahara are shaped by wind or by occasional rains. The climate of the Sahara has undergone enormous variation between wet and dry over the last few hundred thousand years. During the last glacial period, the Sahara was even bigger than it is today, extending south beyond its current boundaries

Atlas Mountains Is a mountain range across a northern stretch of Africa extending about 2,500 km through Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. The Atlas are rich in natural resources. There are deposits of iron ore, lead ore, copper, silver, mercury, rock salt, phosphate, marble, coal, and gas among other resources.

East African Rift

East African Rift The East African Rift is an active continental rift zone in eastern Africa that appears to be a developing divergent tectonic plate boundary. In the past it was considered to be part of a larger Great Rift Valley that extended north to Turkey. The rift is a narrow zone in which the African Plate is in the process of splitting into two new tectonic plates called the Somali Plate and the Nubian Plate.