2B.3 Notes Acids & Bases 10/29/18

Solvent Part of a solution usually present in the largest amount. Dissolves the other substances.

Solute The substance that is dissolved by the solvent Can be a solid, liquid, or gas.

Solution A mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute and has the same properties throughout.

Diluted Solution There is only a little solute and a larger amount of solvent.

Concentrated Solution Has a lot of solute and a little solvent

Neutralization When an acid and base react and form a salt and water.

Acid Compound with specific characteristics properties pH 0-6.9 Examples: Hydrochloric Acid, Vinegar, Orange Juice In a CHEMICAL EQUATION: Acids can most times be identified by their chemical formula, the first element is typically Hydrogen

Acid’s Chemical Properties Can give off gas when it reacts with a metal Neutralization occurs when acids and bases react with each other. Forma a salt and usually water Does not react with red litmus paper (the litmus paper will remain red) Doesn’t react with phenolphthalein

Acid’s physical Properties Tastes sour Sticky texture

Base Opposite of Acid pH: 7.1-14 Example: Baking Soda, Sodium Hydroxide, Antacid In a CHEMICAL EQUATION: Bases can be recognized by its formula, it typically ends in OH

Base’s Chemical Properties Neutralization occurs when acids and bases react with each other and form a salt and water. React with red litmus paper, turning it blue Does NOT react to blue Litmus Paper Reacts with phenolphthalein turning it magenta

Base’s physical Properties Tastes bitter Slippery texture

Neutrals Neither an acid nor a base pH: 7 Examples: Distilled Water

Neutrals Chemical Properties Formed from the reaction of an acid and base React with Litmus Paper turning it violet Does NOT react with phenolphthalein

There are 3 ways to determine if a solution is an acid or a base Litmus Paper Phenolphthalein pH Strips

Litmus Paper Has a special dye on it that changes colors in the presence of an acid or base Blue Litmus Paper turns RED with an Acid and stays BLUE with a Base Red Litmus Paper turns BLUE with a Base and stays RED with an Acid

Phenolphthalein Is used to test the presence of a base It is a colorless chemical that turns magenta (bright pink) in a base It will stay colorless in a neutral or acid

pH Strips Has a range of colors depending on the pH of a solution The color of the paper is compared to the chart on the vial to determine pH levels

Identifying an acid and a base HCl + NaOH  H2O + Na+ Cl