Chapter 18: Supporting Your Views Kendall Foster, RaKeya Ellsbury, Kennedy Burse, Jamyrah Eligah, Azaria Davis, Brooklyn Childs

Learning Objectives List the five common strategies for resolving conflicts Practice the four techniques for negotiation Give examples of the ways in which people participate in informal debate Define basic debate terms Prepare for and participate in an informal debate

Speech Terms 1. Negotiation- a cooperative relationship in which both sides want to reach an agreement 2. Debate-  a formal method of solving problems by discussion 3. I-message- statements that emphasize what we want 4. Avoidance- a negotiation strategy in which an individual tries to resolve a conflict by withdrawing or denying that a problem exists. 5.Integrity- a strong sense of right and wrong, adherence to a code a value. 6. Status quo- the existing condition of the way things are at the present moment 7. Case-the debater’s ideas and evidence organized and arranged into a position supporting one side of a resolution. 8. Argument- a reason for favoring one side of a proposition and the facts that support that reason. 9.Affirmative- Yes or true 10. Constructive- a speech in which arguments are initially advanced and defended

Section 1: The Art of Negotiation

Negotiation is a cooperative relationship in which both sides attempt to reach an agreement. There is more than getting your own way. However, to try to succeed in getting your own way, you should use the four techniques of Negotiation.

The Four Techniques of Negotiation 1.Be Positive Negative words can close doors in negotiations. These words turn people off from your message. These words limit because they suggest refusal or denial. For example, when you ask someone for a favor and they say “ no” your feelings may be affected. Jack Griffin has a list of 50 words you should avoid while in negotiation. Including I, mine, cannot impossible, sorry and more. 2.Use Three- Part Messages Most people rely on I- messages which are statements that emphasize what you want. Using these messages can alienate people which is counterproductive in an argument. Instead you should use three part messages. Using X,Y, and Z patterns. Example: When you do X, I feel Y, because Z. 3.Be Prepared When negotiating what you want, you should always have in mind why you should have that. You should research reasons on why you deserve. You should also have in store an alternative in case what you want in not achievable. 4. Tell the Truth In negotiation, you should always have integrity, or always true to yourself. You should never sacrifice your values or morals to get something you want or to please someone else.

Section 2: Informal Debate

Debate A debate is a battle of a ideas. A negotiation is an informal debate. This is a debate without any rules. This type of debate is unconstructed and open- ended. There are many different types of informal debate. Personal Debate: This is a debate that you have with yourself because of a self-conflict that you have. When you have a personal problem, you consider alternatives to try and solve the problem Disagreements and Arguments: Everyone most likely encounters an argument with someone in their lifetime. This is because of disagreement. In argument you give your reasons to support your claim and then you try to prove why your opponent’s claim doesn’t make sense. Group Discussion: Often times people find themselves in a group who cant decide on one communal action. One person may want to do one thing and other people and want to do another. To solve this you have a battle of ideas and the group then acts as jury to make a final decision. Organizations and Meetings: Informal debate will most likely occuring business meeting and organizations and provide an efficient way to make choices.

Section 3: The Advantages of a Debate

There are many ways you can benefit from being from a debater There are many ways you can benefit from being from a debater. Being a debater will help you significantly In the future. Career: Being a debater can help you in many situations you may encounter in which you are needed to persuade someone most likely in a higher position than you. Helping Others: Helping Others can be stressful without a way to do so. By having a debate you can figure out the best possible way to help others. As a Voter: When watching a political debate you will be able to tell which candidate is more skilled. You will also become more knowledgeable about the candidate which can influence your vote. As a Citizen: In your school or local community, there are likely to be news or rumors going around. You can utilize your debate skills, by communicating with others and sharing your ideas.

Section 4: Debate Terminology

Proposition- the statement of the point to be debated. Resolution- a proposition that begins with the word resolved; a formal state of opinion Affirmative- yes/ true Negative- no/ false Status Quo- to stay the same Burden of Proof- a term used in formal debate and in law to refer to the duty or responsibility to prove something Argument- the reason for favoring your side of the proposition Refute- to show that something is wrong Rebuttal- a speech that contradicts an earlier statement that was made. Rebuttals try to show that the statement was negative. Debaters are very careful about the way they word their propositions. Once you are aware of the debate terminology, you can get to the more interesting parts of debate.

Section 5:The Debate Process

Outlining Your Debate Strategy Formats Getting Started Every debate begins with a topic. You need a problem and a proposed solution to that problem. As soon as you have your proposition you are ready to divide into teams. Formats Formats refer to the procedure used to conduct certain debates. The format specifies the order that debaters will speak and the time allowed for each speech to go on. The purpose of the format is to give each side a fair and equal chance to get their point across. Strategy Your strategy should consist of working hard, anticipating strong evidence, listening carefully, building a sound case, speaking clearly and logically, taking notes and appearing confident

Conclusion In conclusion, using all the skills you learned about in negotiation and debating, could help you further succeed in life.