Assignment #2 – Energy; Powering our Nation Geography 20F Assignment #2 – Energy; Powering our Nation Pg’s 32 and 33 in Blue notebook

Key Terms A tiny amount of energy – basic unit to measure energy JOULE   A facility that generates electricity by the movement of falling water HYDRO-ELECTRIC GENERATING STATION A gas that contributes to global warming such as carbon dioxide or methane GREENHOUSE GAS Well established energy sources – oil, gas, coal, hydro, nuclear CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES A mixture of heavy crude oil, sand, and water OIL SAND

An electric power plant where electricity is generated from energy produced burning coal, oil, or natural gas THREMAL ELECTRIC GENERATING STATION A system of electrical power lines that connects large generating systems to building where people use electricity POWER GRID Newer sources of energy – solar, wind, biomass ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES A place where energy in the form of heat is generated by splitting atoms of radioactive materials, then is used to generate electricity NUCLEAR ELECTRIC GENERATING SYSTEM In oil sand deposits, each grain of sand is covered by a layer of water and a heavy oil or black tar called BITUMEN, which is processed into synthetic crude oil

-geologic history that would allow oil and gas to develop 1. Describe some of the geological requirements necessary for oil and natural gas to become trapped in rocks.   -geologic history that would allow oil and gas to develop -a porous rock layer in which oil and gas can exist - a covering layer of non-porous rock which traps the oil and gas

b) Insignificant find – not enough to justify investment 2. What method is used to determine the presence of natural gas and oil? What are the three results that can come of this? Drilling is used a) Dry hole – abandoned b) Insignificant find – not enough to justify investment c) Large find – develop

3. What is the difference between a Christmas tree and a grasshopper when it comes to oil recovery? Christmas Tree – fast flowing wells Grasshopper – slow flowing wells

4. Why is the idea of secondary recovery of great interest to oil companies? Ways of trying to remove more oil from the deposit (only about 60% of oil gets removed from a deposit) Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) is a new way to acquire oil is non-drilling area

5. Where are the majority of gas and oil deposits found in Canada? Alberta, some also in BC and Saskatchewan Also off the coast of Newfoundland - Hibernia

6. Where does synthetic crude oil come from? North-Eastern Alberta

7. What began operating in Newfoundland and Labrador in 1997? Hibernia oil field

8. Complete the following chart in regards to production of electricity;   How is it created? Advantages Disadvantages Hydro-electric Flowing water used to turn turbines and power the generator No fuel, cheap to operate, no air pollution, renewable resource, reservoir can be used for recreation Plants are costly to build, suitable sites far from market, large scale flooding, major impact on aboriginal lands Thermal-electric Steam produced by burning fuel is used to turn the turbines Plant are built close to market, plants are the cheapest to build High fuel costs, non-renewable resource, produces greenhouse gases, can contribute to acid precipitation Nuclear-electric  Heat produced from splitting uranium atoms used to heat water, which produces steam to turn turbines  Plants built close to market, operating costs are low, Canada has lots of uranium, no air pollution High construction costs, radioactive materials are harmful to humans (accidents could lead to harms for thousands of people), no method for dealing with waste, plants have to be replaced or rebuilt at high costs

9. Use fig 24-13 on PP#351 to answer the following questions;

10. How is natural gas and oil transported within Canada? Shipped by pipelines which run from west to east and also into the US… much of eastern Canada’s oil comes from imports in Europe and especially the Middle East

Oil Pipelines in Canada