Chapter 19 The Muslim Empires Lesson 1 The Rise and Expansion of the Ottoman Empire Alexis Causey – Class of 2018

Social Family and kinship- hereditary and aristocracy Gender roles and relations- Woman had no rights. Women seldom appeared in public In Istanbul and Isfahan. Men monopolized public life and feared women getting involved in politics. Women’s quarters were separate from the public room. Islamic law gave some women a claim in the general economy and an amount of independence from their husbands Social Classes- Men of the pen-highly educated; scientists, lawyers, judges and doctors. Men of the swords-military personnel. Men of negotiations -merchants, artisans and tax collectors Men of husband- farmers and herders. Artisans and merchants organized themselves into guilds that had strong social and religious as well as economic Sharia conditioned urban institutions and social life Family and kinship- hereditary and aristocracy Racial and Ethnic Constructions- Boys from conquered areas were taken into the ottoman empire

Political Political structures and forms of governance Devshirme: System for selecting male children from Christian villages in the Balkans to become slave soldiers (Janissary). • Askeri, or military class, protected the Raya, or the mass of the population, who in turn paid taxes and supported them. • Tax-farming took place in the decline of the Ottoman Empire, replacing land grants in return for military services. Revolts and Revolutions The Tulip Period led to a Janissary revolt called the Patrona Halil rebellion (1730) which weakened the government and allowed ambitious high class men to take advantage. It also allowed for Janissary commanders to become independent rulers in Baghdad, Mamluks to have power in Egypt, and inspired a conservative Sunni movement to take place in Central Asia. Empires Nations and nationalism Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations

Interaction Between Humans and the Environment gunpowder empire located in today Turkey Mehmed the Conqueror (reigned 1451-1481) captured Constantinople in 1453; it became Istanbul, the Ottoman capital & expanded to Serbia, Greece, Albania & attacked Italy Astronomical studies in the Islamic civilization started in the very early days

Cultural Ottoman Empire drew from the east and west for it’s architecture Greatest Architecture was Sinan he created the Selim Masque Islamic Religious tolerance Poetry was a form of art. Many ottomans wanted to be poets.

Economic Built a land-tenure system for collecting revenue, the proceeds from which they supplemented with taxes on trade. Genoa and Venice were among their first foreign trading partners. Ottomans traded precious metals, wheat, and cotton.