Energy Storage: A key for driving adoption of EVs in India Presented by Dr. Rahul Walawalkar Executive Director, IESA & President & MD, Customized Energy Solutions (India)

Edison Electric Car Thomas Edison, thought electric vehicles were the superior technology and worked to build a better electric vehicle battery (Nickel Iron). Even Henry Ford, partnered with Edison to explore options for a low-cost electric car. Yet, it was Henry Ford’s mass-produced Model T that dealt a blow to the electric car. By 1912, the gasoline car cost only $650, while an electric roadster sold for $1,750.

Need for Innovation in Energy Storage INNOVATIVE materials and cell design improvements which can enhance the specific properties of respective energy storage technologies will play a crucial role in making the technologies attractive for rapid commercialization.

Cost ($/kWh) vs. Cycle Life Different battery types have different cycle life due to which generally the life cycle cost is considered ($/kWh/cycle) Lead acid batteries have a very low cost but comparatively low cycle life. Advanced lead acid batteries have a higher cycle life at a higher cost NAS batteries have an intermediate cycle life between lithium ion batteries and flow batteries. Flow batteries (VRB and ZnBr) have a very high cycle life and a moderately high cost Lithium ion battery systems may be designed for high power or long duration applications. LTO batteries can offer lowest marginal cost due to longer cycle life and high charge / discharge rates.

Why is it difficult to take strategic decisions on storage? Technology uncertainty Application uncertainty Price Uncertainty Policy uncertainty Consumer awareness Source: IFC

CES projections for EES costs Below are the cost projections developed by CES team for IESA in 2012. These have also been used by IRENA in the energy storage roadmap released in 2015.

Price trend of electric cars by 2030 As per CES analysis, market will open for electric cars in 2024 as the cost of electric cars would be comparable with IC engine based cars and sales of electric cars could increase up to 5% of sales of cars in 2024 and further up to 23% of sales of cars in 2030. Assumption: Battery pack price $ per kWh = 350 in 2017 ©Customized Energy Solutions 2017 Image source: Nissan Leaf

Can Make in India work for energy storage? According to CES research estimates, by 2020 there will be at least 3 companies globally with 25 GWh + annual production capacity and another 5 companies with 10+ GWh annual production capacity for Li-Ion batteries. The new projected capacity for 2020 is now over 400 GWh based on latest projections by CES Research. India is targeting 5-10 GWh of manufacturing by 2020.

Challenges for adoption of energy storage & EVs Lack of data to quantify system level savings and benefits / costs Perception about technology not being commercially ready Waiting for costs to reduce in 2-3 years Policy uncertainty and mixed / conflicting targets being set by different government departments Start – stop demonstration projects Lack of market mechanisms for driving investments Externalities of incumbent technologies is not captured.

IESA- MOVE Moving Onward with Vehicle Electrification IESA-MOVE is a new initiative to address policy issues related to EV manufacturing and charging infrastructure. Working closely with existing stake holder groups such as ARAI, ICAT, DHI, DST, NITI Aayog to identify gaps Some of the recent and upcoming activities Provided recommendations to NITI Aayog on manufacturing policy for storage & Evs Helped organize CEO roundtable with InvestIndia to discuss energy storage and EV manufacturing in India in August Addressed industry concerns related to push for swapping only policy at IESA Policy Forum on 23rd Sept 2017 with NITI Aayog Working with ICAT and ARAI for improving industry interactions Focusing on li-ion cell, battery pack as well as charging infrastructure manufacturing Hosted a 2 day workshop with IEEMA for manufacturing companies in November Have a full day EV track at ESI 2018, the 5th international conference and expo scheduled in Delhi from Jan 10-12th, 2018.

Join IESA today at www.indiaesa.info Dr. Rahul Walawalkar ED, India Energy Storage Alliance President & MD, CES India rahul@ces-ltd.com Customized Energy Solutions 1528 Walnut Street, 22nd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA Phone: +1-215-875-9440 Fax: +1-215-875-9490 www.ces-ltd.com Customized Energy Solutions India Pvt. Ltd. A 501, GO Square Aundh - Hinjewadi Link Rd, Wakad, Pune, 411057 India Phone: +91-20-3063-8311 www.ces-ltd.in Add relevant person’s contact (C) Customized Energy Solutions - 2011