Nonrenewable Energy

Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed . . . so how do we get the energy we need? Energy can be changed from one form to another. The ultimate source of energy is the sun This energy is converted to chemical energy in a plant and then to other forms of energy that we use.

Energy Conversion Fuel – any substance from which energy can be obtained. Food is a fuel! Electricity is not common in nature. We convert other forms of energy into electricity. Fuel is burned to boil water Steam turns a turbine Which turns a generator to make electricity Energy conversion is not 100% - we lose energy to heat, light, and sound! Fuel and energy conversion

Nonrenewable Resources Nonrenewable: can be used up Fossil fuels Minerals Supplies are limited. We are using them faster than they can be replaced. Fossil fuel exhaust is polluting the environment. Nonrenewable resources and energy use in the us

0rganic fuels Organic fuels: contain carbon compounds from one living organisms Hydrocarbon: compound composed of hydrogen and carbon only Fossil Fuels: derived from the remains of organisms that lived long ago. Fossil fuels are formed when the bodies of plants and animals are covered over with rock & compressed underground over millions of years. 2nd period finished this slide! Organic fuels and where they are found

Energy Use and Resources The US uses the most energy and is the 3rd most populated. Canada uses the most energy per person. Where is most of the energy production Coal: Asia (North America is 2nd) Natural Gas: Europe (North America is 2nd) Oil: Middle East Nuclear: Europe Use percentages and location of resources

Coal Peat, Lignite (40% carbon) Bituminous (85% carbon),Anthracite (95 % carbon) Millions of years ago, plants (mostly in swamps) died and the remains were buried. Over time pressure and heat forced out water and changed the material into coal. With more time, heat and pressure we get higher quality (more carbon) coal. Coal can also contain impurities like sulfur. Pollution come from mining and burning the coal! Waste rock, acid rain from sulfur, air pollution coal

Petroleum Petroleum: crude oil – a liquid fossil fuel – refined to make gasoline Believed to have formed from the remains of plankton and microscopic plants, protists, and animals. Used for a variety of purposes Fuel, grease, asphalt, synthetic fibers (ie –nylon), plastics, etc) Released pollution by burning (smog, carbon dioxide, acid rain) Oil spills are a dramatic environmental concern but much more damage is done over time by burning the petroleum. petroleum

Natural Gas Gas state fuel - Primary component is methane Burns cleaner than other fuels Used to be burned off to get to the oil beneath it but changing technologies have allowed us to use this resource better. Used in homes as an alternative to electricity powered appliances. gas

The Future No large oil reserves have been discovered in the past decade! Geologists predict that oil production will peak around 2010! –that’s NOW! Today fossil supply ~90% of energy used in develop countries Obama Administration goal: Ensure 10 percent of our electricity comes from renewable sources by 2012, and 25 percent by 2025. Most problems with fossil fuels fall into two categories: availability and pollution Future of Fossil Fuels

Energy Use US uses more energy per person than any other country in the world except Canada and United Arab Emirates. WHY? - We use more than 25% of our energy to transport goods and people We have ample access to fuels and the cost of these fuels is lower than most other places in the world! Biomass fuels

Nuclear Energy Considered nonrenewable because the uranium fuel used is not renewable. Heat generated by fission (atoms breaking apart) is used to heat water and produce steam. We will talk more about this in detail! Major concerns include radioactive material: handling and waste! Nuclear fuel