Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Chapter 3, Section 1 Bell Ringer: Look at the map on p. 87. When and where was the first English settlement? Judging by the dates on the map, how long did the settlement last?

The English Plan Colonies Spain had many colonies in the Americas; England had none Richard Hakluyt English geographer Urged England to start a colony Why? Mercantilism Market for English exports Source of raw materials Why did English colonists settle in America? Economic opportunity and religious freedom

Two Early Colonies Fail Sir Walter Raleigh Soldier, statesman, adventurer What part did Sir Walter Raleigh play in the first English settlement? Received permission to sponsor a colony What did he name the colony? Virginia (1585) on Roanoke Island What happened at the 1st Roanoke settlement? Colonists relied on the Native Americans for food Native Americans realize that the English want their land, so they cut them off Survivors went back to England

Roanoke, take 2 Who was John White? Artist; settler at 2nd Roanoke colony What happened to the colonists at Roanoke? No one knows! Possibly moved to a different area, or killed by Native Americans Where was the Sagadahoc colony located? Why did it fail? Maine Arguments, harsh winter, food shortages, fights with Native Americans

Financing a Colony What did a joint-stock company have to do with colonial settlement? One person could not finance a colony (like Raleigh) What is a joint-stock company? Backed by investors, people who put money into a project to earn profits Each investor received pieces of ownership Shares of stock enabled investors to share profits and divide losses Virginia Company of London Virginia Company of Plymouth Both companies were given charters by the King in 1606

Jamestown is Founded in 1607 First permanent English settlement Jamestown colonists endured terrible hardships. Site of the colony was swampy, full of malaria-carrying mosquitoes Became ill from drinking river water Searched for gold instead of building houses and growing food Climate

Jamestown Grows John Smith John Rolfe “He that will not work shall not eat.” What caused the “starving time?” Native Americans stopped trading food and attacked the settlers. John Rolfe Introduces tobacco How does this change Jamestown?

Jamestown Grows Virginia Company sees colonists as employees Colonists want a share of profits What does the Virginia Company do? They let settlers own land. Why? Indentured servants House of Burgesses (1619) Burgesses - elected representatives; they would meet once a year in an assembly First representative assembly in the American colonies

Conflicts with the Powhatan What were the causes of conflict? Cultural differences; colonists wanted land How were relations improved? John Rolfe married Pocahontas (1614) Powhatan helped colonists grow corn, catch fish, and capture wild fowl What happened in 1622? Powhatan killed hundreds of Jamestown colonists over land disputes

Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 What were the causes of Bacon’s Rebellion? Landless colonists opposed Governor William Berkeley High taxes, favoritism Wanted Governor to approve a war; he refused What was the outcome of Bacon’s Rebellion? The King appointed a new governor House of Burgesses passed laws to prevent a royal governor from assuming too much power (a step toward self-government)

Key Terms Joint-stock company – a business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit Charter – a written contract issued by a government giving the holder the right to establish a colony Jamestown – the first permanent English settlement in North America John Smith – a soldier and adventurer who instilled discipline and made everyone work Indentured servant – a person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to America House of Burgesses – created in 1619, the first representative assembly in the American colonies Bacon’s Rebellion – a revolt against powerful colonial authority in Jamestown by Nathaniel Bacon and a group of landless frontier settlers that resulted in the burning of Jamestown in 1676