Protocol layers and Wireshark Rahul Hiran TDTS11:Computer Networks and Internet Protocols 1 Note: T he slides are adapted and modified based on slides from the books companion Web site, as well as modified slides by Niklas Carlsson Textbook: Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross.

What will I talk about? Short description from lecture 1 about computer networks Internet protocol stack How to see what different stack layer does Using network analysis tool called wireshark 2

Whats the Internet: Slide from lecture 1 millions of connected computing devices: hosts = end systems running network apps Home network Institutional network Mobile network Global ISP Regional ISP router PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld wired links access points communication links fiber, copper, radio, satellite routers: forward packets (chunks of data) Introduction 1-3 3

Whats a protocol? (slide from lecture 1) human protocols: whats the time? I have a question introductions … specific msgs sent … specific actions taken when msgs received, or other events network protocols: machines rather than humans all communication activity in Internet governed by protocols protocols define format, order of msgs sent and received among network entities, and actions taken on msg transmission, receipt Introduction 1-4 4

More about protocols There are many protocols that are involved in working of computer network There is a internet protocol stack. A protocol normally belongs to one of the layers in the stack. Let us look at the airline functionality 5

ticket (purchase) baggage (check) gates (load) runway (takeoff) airplane routing departure airport arrival airport intermediate air-traffic control centers airplane routing ticket (complain) baggage (claim gates (unload) runway (land) airplane routing ticket baggage gate takeoff/landing airplane routing Layering of airline functionality Layers: each layer implements a service – via its own internal-layer actions – relying on services provided by layer below Introduction 1-6 6

Internet protocol stack application: supporting network applications FTP, SMTP, HTTP transport: process-process data transfer TCP, UDP network: routing of datagrams from source to destination IP, routing protocols link: data transfer between neighboring network elements Ethernet, (WiFi), PPP physical: bits on the wire application transport network link physical Introduction 1-7 7

Encapsulation 8

wireshark How can we analyze the network data? Using tools such as wireshark Wireshark: a network packet analyzer. A network packet analyzer will try to capture network packets and tries to display that packet data as detailed as possible. Let us start wireshark….! 9

Start screen of wireshark 10

Make your own capture or open existing trace files 11

Graphical User Interface 12

Reduce clutter Disable the checksum error messages from Views->Coloring rules…menu item Enter data in the filter to show only http packets Let us look at the example 13

After unnecessary data is removed 14

Let us look at the application level data 15

Internet protocol stack application: supporting network applications FTP, SMTP, HTTP transport: process-process data transfer TCP, UDP TCP is responsible for the establishment of a TCP connection, the sequencing and acknowledgment of packets sent, and the recovery of packets lost during transmission network: routing of datagrams from source to destination IP, routing protocols link: data transfer between neighboring network elements Ethernet, (WiFi), PPP physical: bits on the wire application transport network Link physical Introduction

Encapsulation 17

TCP header 18

TCP header data in our packet 19

How to look at time/sequence plot Select tcp-ethereal-trace-1 Filter by entering tcp Select TCP segment Go to statistics-> TCP streamgraph -> Time- sequence graph (stevens) 20

Internet protocol stack application: supporting network applications FTP, SMTP, HTTP transport: process-process data transfer TCP, UDP network: routing of datagrams from source to destination IP, routing protocols The Internet layer is responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing functions. link: data transfer between neighboring network elements Ethernet, (WiFi), PPP physical: bits on the wire application transport network Link physical Introduction

Encapsulation 22

Internet layer Let us first open ip-ethereal-trace-1 And look at the first ICMP message We also look at the IP protocol header format 23

IP header 24

IP header in collected traces 25

Internet protocol stack application: supporting network applications FTP, SMTP, HTTP transport: process-process data transfer TCP, UDP network: routing of datagrams from source to destination IP, routing protocols. link: data transfer between neighboring network elements Ethernet, (WiFi), PPP physical: bits on the wire application transport network Link physical Introduction

Whats the Internet: Slide from lecture 1 Home network Institutional network Mobile network Global ISP Regional ISP Introduction Network layers job is end-to- end movement of data from source to destination Link layers job is node-to- node movement of network- layer datagrams over a single link in the path Ethernet is quite popular protocol Let us look at the header

Ethernet header and trailer 28

Conclusion application: supporting network applications FTP, SMTP, HTTP transport: process-process data transfer TCP, UDP network: routing of datagrams from source to destination IP, routing protocols link: data transfer between neighboring network elements Ethernet, (WiFi), PPP physical: bits on the wire application transport network link physical Introduction

Conclusion 30

31 Questions…?

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