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Course on Computer Communication and Networks Lecture 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Part A: Internet, Protocol Layering and Data CTH EDA344/ GU DIT 423.

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Presentation on theme: "Course on Computer Communication and Networks Lecture 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Part A: Internet, Protocol Layering and Data CTH EDA344/ GU DIT 423."— Presentation transcript:

1 Course on Computer Communication and Networks Lecture 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Part A: Internet, Protocol Layering and Data CTH EDA344/ GU DIT 423

2 Leonard Kleinrock about the Internet
And a little more ….

3 Roadmap What’s the Internet Layers of abstraction, protocols
Nuts&bolts view Service view Distinction between network edge and network core Layers of abstraction, protocols ISO/OSI & Internet layer structure Data communication through layers: physical and logical view

4 the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view (1- HW)
millions of connected (computing) devices: end-hosts = end systems running network apps PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld Home network Institutional network Mobile network Global ISP Regional ISP communication links fiber, copper, radio, satellite transmission rate = bandwidth wired links access points Connecting devices, eg routers: forward packets (chunks of data) router

5 ”Fun” internet appliances in “Internet of things”
Web-enabled toaster + weather forecaster IP picture frame Tweet-a-watt: monitor energy use Slingbox: watch, control cable TV remotely Internet refrigerator Internet phones

6 the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view (2-”SW”)
protocols control sending, receiving of msgs e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype, Ethernet Internet: “network of networks” loosely hierarchical Home network Institutional network Mobile network Global ISP Regional ISP

7 the Internet: service view
communication infrastructure enables distributed applications: Web, VoIP, , games, e-commerce, file sharing communication services provided to apps: Reliable, in-order data delivery from source to destination (aka connection-oriented) “best effort” (unreliable) data delivery (aka connectionless)

8 A closer look at (any big) network’s structure:
network edge: applications and hosts access networks, physical media: wired, wireless communication links network core: interconnected routers network of networks

9 Networks are complex and evolving…. Hosts, routers, links
Services, applications Hardware, software Networks of Networks …. Is there any hope of organizing structure, study, development of networks?

10 Roadmap What’s the Internet Layers of abstraction, protocols
Nuts&bolts view Service view Distinction between network edge and network core Layers of abstraction, protocols ISO/OSI & Internet layer structure Data communication through layers: physical and logical view

11 Terminology: Layers, Protocols, Interfaces
Each layer implements services via its own internal-layer actions relying on services by layer below It provides services to the upper layer (shielding from implementation details) and uses services of the layer below Logical communication, protocol Logical communication, protocol Layer n on a host carries a conversation with layer n on another host host-to-host interface: defines message exchanges (incl. format, order, and more) with peer entity = logical communication, protocol Logical communication, protocol Fig. A. Tanenbaum Computer Networks

12 What’s a protocol? Examples: a human protocol and a computer network protocol: Hi TCP connection req. Hi TCP connection reply. Got the time? time Get 2:00 <file> host-to-host interface: defines messages exchanges with peer entity: format, order of msgs actions todo on msg transmission, receipt

13 Another example: Layering of airline functionality
ticket (purchase) baggage (check) gates (load) runway (takeoff) airplane routing departure airport arrival intermediate air-traffic control centers ticket (complain) baggage (claim gates (unload) runway (land) ticket baggage gate takeoff/landing System architecture: set of layers, interfaces Protocol stack: protocol implementation

14 Why layering? Dealing with complex systems:
structure allows to identify & relate complex system’s pieces layered reference model for discussion modularization eases maintenance: change of implementation of layer’s service transparent to rest of system e.g., change in gate procedure doesn’t affect rest of system

15 Roadmap What’s the Internet Layers of abstraction, protocols
Nuts&bolts view Service view Distinction between network edge and network core Layers of abstraction, protocols ISO/OSI & Internet layer structure Data communication through layers: physical and logical view

16 Layering – Some “history”: The OSI Reference Model
ISO (International Standards Organization) defined the OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) model to help vendors create interoperable network implementation Fig. Steen, Sips : Computer and Network organization ``X dot" series (X.25, X. 400, X.500) OSI model implementation (protocol stack)

17 Internet protocol stack layers&protocols
Application: protocols supporting network applications http (web), smtp ( ), p2p, streaming, CDN, … transport: process2process (end2end) data transfer UDP, TCP network: routing of datagrams (independent data-packets), connecting different physical networks IP addressing, routing protocols, virtualization, virtualization, virtualization…… link: data transfer between neighboring (physically connected) hosts Ethernet, WiFi, … physical: bit-transmission on the physical medium between neighboring nodes application transport network link physical UDP TCP

18 Internet protocol stack
Architecture simple but not as thoroughly thought as OSI‘s Internet stack “missing”: Presentation layer: interpret meaning of data, e.g., encryption, compression, Session layer: synchronization, checkpointing, … Successful protocol suite (de-facto standard) was there when needed (OSI implementations were too complicated) freely distributed with UNIX Accumulates “fat” around its waist though… Internet standards RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force

19 Roadmap What’s the Internet Layers of abstraction, protocols
Nuts&bolts view Service view Distinction between network edge and network core Layers of abstraction, protocols ISO/OSI & Internet layer structure Data communication through layers: physical and logical view

20 Layered communication: Encapsulation
source message M application transport network link physical segment Ht M Ht datagram Ht Hn M Hn frame Ht Hn Hl M link physical Logical communication Physical communication switch destination network link physical Ht Hn M Ht Hn Hl M M application transport network link physical Ht Hn M Ht M Ht Hn M router Ht Hn Hl M

21 Chapter 1a: Summary We discussed To provide :
what’s the Internet what’s a protocol? protocol layers, service models We will continue (next lecture) with Network edge & network core services & functionality overview More on Internet structure overview access nets, physical media backbones, NAPs, ISPs Performance concerns: delays, loss Security concerns To provide : context, overview, “feel” of networking A point of reference for context in the “zoom-in” discussions to come

22 Quiz questions How do we call a communication service that delivers packets in-order, without omissions or duplicates? best-effort connection-oriented connectionless streaming What is defined through a a data-communication protocol host-to-host interface message structure communication frequency (d) services

23 Reading instructions (incl.next lecture)
1. Kurose Ross book Careful Quick 6/e, 7/e: 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 the rest Extra Reading (optional) Computer and Network Organization: An Introduction, by Maarten van Steen and Henk Sips, Prentice Hall (very good introductory book for students from programs other than CSE/IT)

24 Review questions Review questions from Kurose-Ross book, chapter 1 (for basic study) 6/e, 7/e: R11, R12, R13, R16, 17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R28. Extra questions, for further study: delay analysis in packet switched networks:

25

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