Traffic Management in Singapore Tan Tee Nee Land Transport Authority (Singapore)

About Singapore 25 km 49 km Population 人口: 5.5 million High-density housing 高密度住宅区 49 km 25 km CBD 中心商业圈 Population 人口: 5.5 million Land Area 陆地面积: 719 sq. km

3,495km 164km 957,000 605,000 Road Transport Road Network Expressway 道路空间 Expressway Network 高速公路 Vehicle Population 车辆保有辆 Car Population 轿车保有量

Public Transport Modes Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) 地铁 170 km 118 Stations Light Rail Transit (LRT) 轻轨 29 km 38 Stations Bus 巴士 >4500 Buses >300 Routes Taxi 29,000 2.9 million Daily MRT/LRT trips 3.8 million Daily Bus trips 1.0 million Daily Taxi trips

Our Key Challenges 1965 Today Resident Population: 1.8 million Vehicle Population: 160,000 Resident Population: 5.5 million Vehicle population: 957,000 Copyright © Land Transport Authority of Singapore 2015

Our Key Challenges To meet the diverse travellers’ needs Limited space for road expansion Copyright © Land Transport Authority of Singapore 2015

Our Key Challenges • Growing demand for travel 7 Copyright © Land Transport Authority of Singapore 2015

Public Transport - Rails • Building more rail lines * Data based on organisations reports & annual reports

Public Transport - Rails • More convenient connectivity to rails By 2025 More than 90% of building in CBD within 400m of any stations By 2030 80% of all households within 10-15 minutes walking distance to MRT stations By 2018 Walk2Ride project - Covered walkways within 400m of MRT stations. Copyright © Land Transport Authority of Singapore 2015

Public Transport - Rails • Enhancing MRT services Copyright © Land Transport Authority of Singapore 2015

Public Transport - Buses • Improving bus services S$1.1 billion BSEP to improve bus service

Other Mode of Transport

Managing Demand – Vehicle Control Vehicle Quota System (VQS) on 1 May 1990 Regulate growth at a rate that can be sustained by road network Number of Certificate of Entitlement (COE) depends on Number of de-registrations for past 3 months; plus Allowable growth (0.25%) Vehicle Quota System (VQS) – May 1990 All potential vehicle owners must have a valid Certificate Of Entitlement (COE) to register a vehicle COE Quota determined annually based on: 0.25%1 growth based on vehicle population as at the end of the previous year COEs released to public through regular competitive bidding 12% Vehicle Growth rate 3% 0.25% 1.5% - 0.5% Feb 2015 Jan 2018 1975 1990 1 The vehicle population growth rate has been set at 0.25% per annum for 4 years from 2015 to 2018

Managing Demand – Road Pricing World’s first urban Congestion Pricing Scheme in 1975 Reduced traffic entering the Restricted Zone (RZ) Area Licensing Scheme RT Restricted Zone Ang Mo Kio CBD Bukit Timah Area Licensing Scheme (1975 - 1998) Manual (paper based) scheme to regulate vehicle usage in city Motorists pay one-time $ to enter Restricted Zone

Managing Demand - ERP Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) (1998 - present) Gantries fitted with cameras, displays & sensors Flexible: rates varies by location/time, reviewed every quarterly Equitable: motorists pay for contributing to congestion on priced roads

Managing Demand - ERP CBD Implemented in 1998 Legend 77 ERP gantries island-wide Legend Implemented in 1998 Implemented in 1999 Implemented in 2002 Implemented in 2005 Implemented in 2007 Implemented in 2008 Implemented in 2010 Implemented in 2011 Implemented in 2012 Implemented in 2013 Implemented in 2014 Outer Cordon CBD 40 ERP gantries in the CBD

Managing Demand - ERP Objectives: To manage congestion and optimise use of road space Use pricing to influence demand for vehicle usage by time (peak hours), route, destination (e.g. City), or Mode Optimal Speed Range For Expressways and Arterial Roads 45 – 65 km/h > 65 km/h < 45 km/h Increase Rates Reduce Rates 20 – 30 km/h > 30 km/h < 20 km/h Increase Rates Reduce Rates

Enhances transport system through comprehensive myriad of measures Making Public Transport more attractive and a viable option to driving Manage road usage through ownership measures and ERP Working towards Walk-Cycle-Ride Singapore

Next Generation ERP to use GNSS & DSRC technologies Upcoming Plans Crowdsourcing & Big data analytics Faster ground response Enhanced data visualisation Better insight to travel trends and behaviours Next Generation ERP to use GNSS & DSRC technologies Autonomous vehicle technology for -Self-driving shuttles -Platooning tech -Mass & Shared tpt Copyright © Land Transport Authority of Singapore 2015

Thank you