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Allied Powers France

France Charles De Gaulle Led opposition against Germany after they took over France

Allied Powers Great Britain

Great Britain Winston Churchill Great orator and leader who kept British citizens from giving up Churchill

Allied Powers Soviet Union

Soviet Union (Russia) Joseph Stalin Great Purge – killed all people who opposed his rule or spoke against Soviet Union Stalin

Allied Powers U.S.A

FDR and Harry Truman Vice President assumes role of President. Sees the country through he last few months of war – makes decision on the atomic bomb Franklin D. Roosevelt Dies on April 12, 1945 FDR

Axis Powers Italy

Italy Benito Mussolini Promised a new Roman Empire Bully Mussolini

Axis Powers Japan

Japan Emperor Hirohito Wanted full political and economic control of Pacific Believed in militarism and military run society Hirohito

Japan Prime Minister Hideki Tojo Responsible for all military operations during the war Tojo

Axis Powers Nazi Germany

Germany Adolph Hitler Leader of Nazi political party Blamed Jews for all of Germany’s economic problems Since 1933, built up troops in Rhineland Hitler

September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland after being warned not to invade by France and Great Britain Official start of World War II

Start of WW II in Europe Polish city of Wieluń just after German bombing,1st of September 1939 In August 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact. In September 1939 Germany invaded Poland France and Britain (Poland’s allies) declared war on Germany. The Nazis succeeded in a “blitzkrieg” of Poland and quickly continued to move west.

Early Battles of WW II German troops enter Paris June 14, 1940 Next, France fell to the Nazis in 1940. Throughout 1940-41, Germany attacked Britain with bombing raids, but the Royal Air Force withstood the attacks, and Hitler never invaded Britain.

U.S. “NEUTRALITY” Many ISOLATIONISTS in the U.S. opposed getting involved in Europe because WWI had caused financial debt Many believed that the manufacturers only wanted war to profit economically Death from WWI was still fresh in people’s memories

U.S. “NEUTRALITY” The U.S. declared official neutrality, however, after Poland fell, Congress allowed “cash-and-carry”: The U.S. would sell arms to the Allies if they paid in cash and carried the goods away on their own ships + =

U.S. “NEUTRALITY” After France fell, FDR transferred 50 WWI destroyers to Britain in return for the use of bases in Newfoundland and the Caribbean. “Destroyers for bases”

U.S. “NEUTRALITY” While Britain suffered from the Nazi air raids night and day in 1940, Congress passed the first peacetime draft in U.S. History After FDR was re-elected to a third term, he urged Congress to provide more direct aid to the Allied nations.

U.S. “NEUTRALITY” Congress passed the Lend Lease Act in 1941, which provided the Allies with weapons and supplies on credit. FDR said it was like “lending a garden-hose to a next-door neighbor whose house was on fire.”

U.S. “NEUTRALITY” To make sure the Allied countries received the supplies, the U.S. Navy protected American merchant ships, and eventually, merchant ships were armed. By the fall of 1941, ships were instructed to “shoot on sight” any German submarine

Japanese aggression In 1937Japan invaded China and Manchuria WHY? The U.S. placed an embargo on oil & steel to Japan. RESOURCES!

Japanese aggression Japan and the U.S. attempted to negotiate, but Japan refused to withdraw from China. Japan attacked the naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941

Japanese aggression FDR signing the declaration of war with Japan infamy FDR said this was “a date that will live in infamy.” The attack on Pearl Harbor caused the U.S. to declare war on Japan on December 8, 1941 Soon, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. FDR signing the declaration of war with Japan

Government rationed some products. U.S. preparation for war Government rationed some products.

War bonds & income taxes funded the war. U.S. preparation for war War bonds & income taxes funded the war.

Factories made war-time products. U.S. preparation for war Factories made war-time products.

Selective service (draft) put more men in the army. U.S. preparation for war Selective service (draft) put more men in the army.

Government censored the media. Building Morale Government censored the media. Ad campaigns and patriotic movies and newsreels kept up public morale. Newsreel

Minorities in WWII Tuskeegee African-Americans fought in segregated units, like the Tuskegee Airmen.

Japanese-Americans fought in segregated Nisei Regiments. Minorities in WWII Japanese-Americans fought in segregated Nisei Regiments. Nisei

Mexican-Americans fought in integrated units. Minorities in WWII Mexican-Americans fought in integrated units.

Native American Navajo Code-Talkers tricked the Japanese. Minorities in WWII Code Talkers Native American Navajo Code-Talkers tricked the Japanese. HOW? The Japanese could not figure out the messages because Navajo is a language, not a code.

Minorities had many casualties & won many medals. African-Americans and women moved to northern cities to work in factories.

Minorities in WWII Rosie the Riveter

War Strategies--AXIS In 1941,Germany turned against the U.S.S.R., who had been an ally before. Germany hoped to use blitzkrieg (lightning war) to defeat the U.S.S.R. & Britain before the U.S. could get organized.

War Strategies--AXIS Japan hoped to conquer so much land that the U.S. would be scared to fight.

War Strategies--ALLIES “defeat Hitler first” before dealing with Japan When the U.S. entered the war this was the deal FDR made with Churchill Defeat him first!

War Strategies--ALLIES In the Pacific, the U.S. went “island hopping,” conquering one small island after another on the way to Japan.

First Major Allied Victory In North Africa, the Germans wanted Middle Eastern oil and control of the Suez Canal. The British defeated them at El Alamein in 1942. El Alamein

Turning Points The Allies invaded Normandy on the French coast D-Day, June 6, 1944. Allies pushed west through France until they reached Germany in 1945. Normandy D-Day

Turning Points Stalingrad Soviets defeated Germans at Stalingrad after a long siege July 17, 1942-January 31, 1943. The Germans were forced to retreat west from the USSR, and they were being pushed east out of the Mediterranean at the same time by the Allies. Stalingrad

Turning Points Midway was the first U.S. defeat of Japan in the Pacific in 1942. This battle started the “island-hopping” campaign. Midway

Turning Points The U.S. won bloody battles for Iwo Jima & Okinawa in 1945 as they approached the Japanese mainland. Many Japanese pilots committed suicide by kamikaze attacks during these battles. Okinawa Iwo Jima

End of WWII Hitler shot himself, and Germany surrendered. V-E Day: May 8, 1945

End of WWII U.S. dropped two atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan on Aug. 6 and 9. V-J Day: Aug. 15, 1945

Results of the War

Japanese Internment Out of fear that Japanese in America were spies they were sent to camps. In 1942 FDR issued Executive Order 9066 which ordered the internment of over 110,000 Japanese-Americans Internment

Japanese Internment Many lost property & money and faced prejudice. The Supreme Court upheld the internment in Korematsu v. U.S. The U.S. has since apologized and provided compensation

The Geneva Convention set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns.

Bataan Death March killed many U. S Bataan Death March killed many U.S. POWs in the Philippines as their Japanese captors moved them from one camp to another

Genocide: systematic killing of a particular group of people Hitler’s Final Solution Targeted Jews, Gypsies, Poles, Slavs, and “undesirables” (mentally ill, homosexuals, and political dissidents). About12 million were killed. Genocide: systematic killing of a particular group of people Path to Genocide

Nuremberg Trials Nazi leaders were convicted of war crimes. This increased the desire for a Jewish homeland, Israel, which was established in 1948. Israel