RNA 3 Differences Between DNA and RNA RNA - ribonucleic acid - a single stranded nucleic acid that is involved in making proteins carries the information from the DNA out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm of the cell 3 Differences Between DNA and RNA 1. DNA is double stranded RNA is single stranded 2. DNA has deoxyribose sugar RNA has RIBOSE SUGAR ( type of sugar in RNA ) 3. RNA has a base called URACIL instead of thymine A pairs w/ U C pairs w/ G

3 Kinds of RNA Memory Notes - * ribosomes - site of protein synthesis 1. RIBOSOMAL RNA - rRNA - RNA that makes up part of the ribosomes 2. MESSENGER RNA - mRNA - RNA that brings coded DNA message to ribosomes 3. TRANSFER RNA - tRNA - RNA that carries amino acids to mRNA at ribosomes Memory Notes - * ribosomes - site of protein synthesis * amino acids - building blocks of proteins * DNA’s code - the order of the bases

TRANSCRIPTION How RNA is Made TRANSCRIPTION - the process of making RNA from DNA

Steps of Transcription DNA uncoils and an enzyme breaks the weak hydrogen bonds. 2. DNA molecule splits open. RNA nucleotides are then paired up w/ DNA molecule. 4. An enzyme connects RNA nucleotides together. The single-stranded RNA molecule separates from the DNA and moves out into the cell.

From RNA to Protein : PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSLATION - translating the code of DNA into proteins - DNA codes for RNA (transcription) RNA then codes for the order of amino acids in proteins (translation)

How Translation Works 1. DNA codes for RNA (transcription) 2. mRNA moves out of the nucleus to ribosomes mRNA CODONS (3 bases on a row on mRNA) code for a specific amino acid. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes and puts them in order according to the mRNA codons. 5. Once the amino acids are in order, this is a protein. Memory Notes - * There are only 20 amino acids.

DNA - TAC CTA AAA GCG ACT mRNA - AUG GAU UUU CGC UGA Protein- Met- Asp A- Phe- Arg- STOP