Classification and Diversity Over 30 million kinds of organisms are on the earth, an organized system of keeping track and communicating is needed.

Taxonomy – the science of classification KEY WORD!!!!!!!!! Taxonomy – the science of classification

Aristotle Used his system for 2000 years 1st to propose a system in 350 B.C. All living things in 2 groups Plants Animals

Aristotle Subdivided animals on the basis of habitat and behavior Subdivided plants on the basis of size and structure (herbs, shrubs, trees)

Travel and the invention of the microscope helped locate new and different organisms. Aristotle's system was too simple!

Linnaeus “Father of Modern Classification” Mid 1700’s Expanded to more kingdoms Created the scientific naming system Binomial Nomenclature

Linnaeus Video http://youtu.be/Gb_IO-SzLgk

Key Word!!! Binomial Nomenclature – 2 name naming system

Shoulder buddy thinking time… Why is it important that we have a system of classification? Why do all organisms have a “scientific name”?

The Five Kingdoms

Key Word!!!!!! Heterotroph – must get food from an outside source (eating, absorbing) Autotroph – can make its own food (photosynthesis)

1. MONERA Prokaryote, mostly single celled Ancestor to Eukaryotes Often separated into 2 kingdoms nowadays

MONERA - ARCHEBACTERIA Extreme environments The oldest

MONERA - EUBACTERIA EVERYWHERE

2. PROTISTA Eukaryotic ‘Catch all kingdom’

PROTISTA - Algae

Protista -Euglena

PROTISTA - PROTOZOA A type of this causes Malaria

3. FUNGI Heterotrophic absorb food through walls Eukaryotic Yeast is a type of fungi

FUNGI - MUSHROOM

FUNGI - MOLD penicillium

4. PLANTAE Autotrophic through photosynthesis Eukaryotic Multicellular

PLANTAE - PLANTS

5. ANIMALIA Heterotrophic Multicellular Eukaryotic

ANIMALIA

Animalia

MODERN TAXONOMY

MAJOR WAYS NEW ORGANISMS ARE CLASSIFIED Structural Chromosomes and DNA base sequences Reproduction Biochemical similarities (Amino acids and proteins) Embryology

Overview of Classification Kingdom – King *Phylum – Phillip *Class – Came *Order – Over *Family – From * Genus – Germany * Species – Singing

Kingdom –Animalia Humans Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic No cell wall

Phyla – chordata Humans Dorsal nerve chord – Spinal cord Gill slits and tail at some time Notochord – Backbone

Humans Class –Mammalia Warm blooded Nurse young Hair Breath with lungs Well developed respiratory and circulatory systems

Humans Order – Primate Strong grasping hands with thumbs and nails instead of claws More developed brains

Humans Family- Hominadae Well developed hands Walk erect

Humans Genus –Homo Large well developed brains Ability to make tools

Humans Species – sapien Upright walk Mostly hairless Culture, oral and written language Young are helpless at birth Must be nurtured for years

We have Linnaeus to thank for binomial nomenclature Scientific Names We have Linnaeus to thank for binomial nomenclature

Scientific Names ALWAYS written in Latin Made of the Genus and the species names Ex: Homo sapien

Genus – Larger category, common group that can sometimes produce sterile offspring Wolf and dog House cat and mountain lion cow and buffalo Donkey and horse Species – A group of identical or very similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring German Shepard, poodle, Labrador Varieties of cats (Siamese, Persian)

Horses + Donkey = Mule

Horse + Zebra = Zorse

Lion + Tiger = Liger

Rules The genus comes before the species The genus is capital the species is lowercase There is a space between the two names Both parts are underlined separately (may be italics but only when typed)

Examples Acer rubrum – red maple Acer leuca – white maple Panthera leo – lion Panthera tigris – Tiger Felis concolor – Mountain Lion Canis lupus - timberwolf

Why scientific names? Overlapping common names Example: What is the difference between Puma, Cougar and Mountain Lion?

Nothing!!!

Confusing (common names) Why scientific names? Confusing (common names) Example: What does a gopher look like?

In the Midwest In New Mexico

Incorrect Information from common names Why Scientific Names? Incorrect Information from common names Example: Seahorse not a horse Prairie dog not a dog Koala bear not in the bear family