BLOOD

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Hematology Hemat- = blood -ology = the study of The average adult has 8 – 10 pints. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood One drop of blood contains: 5 million RBCs 250,000-500,000 platelets 7,500 WBCs Red blood cells live 120 days. Make new blood cells at the rate of 2 million per second! 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Function Blood is the transporting fluid of the body. Carries nutrients from digestive tract Oxygen from the lungs Waste products from the cells Hormones from secreting to cells

Structures of the blood Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Plasma Straw-colored liquid 55% of the blood’s volume Water Plasma proteins Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes Waste products Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Plasma proteins Fibrinogen Albumin Globulin Gamma globulin Prothrombin Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes: biconcave, disc shaped cells. Look like a doughnut when viewed from above. Hemoglobin: red pigment. Made up of protein molecule called globin and iron called heme.

Function of RBC’s In the capillaries of the lungs, pick up oxygen. Chemically combines then with hemoglobin forming oxyhemoglobin. Then circulates to the capillaries of the tissues; then released into the tissues. Carbon dioxide that is formed in cells is picked up by plasma as bicarbonate and taken back to the lungs.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart Veins carry blood toward the heart. In arteries (except pulmonary arteries) blood carries oxyhemoglobin. In veins (except pulmonary veins) blood contains carbaminohemoglobin

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes Larger than erythrocytes Five types Leuk/o/cytes – white cells 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Thrombocytes Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Life span of blood cells... 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Blood types Inherited from parents What are the types of blood? Inherited from parents Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Check your knowledge of medical history... In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types. Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood types Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Rh factor Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen). Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type. Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Rh factor In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys. When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Rh factor If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive. If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative. Did you know??? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system