The Research process PP 04

Justification Writing the problem statement D. Problem analysis DAY 04 Justification Writing the problem statement D. Problem analysis

Recap ….The Development process Phenomena stage Conceptualization of the study area Problem clarification stage Problem identification Justification of the area of study Problem statement Problem analysis Organizing objectives for the research Research questions Selecting a type of the research Building the research framework

b. Justification for the research Type of information expected to yield from the project and usefulness of the information Basically why do you want to do this research ? Aren't there any other import topic t do ? Definition, important concepts with relation to the problem What / when / where / what extent

Justification Prioritize the issues according to the Relevance Acceptability Applicability Urgency Avoiding Duplication Clear gap current and ideal situation Most importantly “Wow factor” for young researchers You should like this topic

Prioritization of the problem Clear Gap Relevance Duplication Acceptability Applicability Urgency Full Marks Rank 10 Overcrowding Less Seats Unhappy People Infections

2. Problem statement

What is a problem ? “An observed gap between what is expected and what actually exits”

Need to describe factor related the problem P = ( E – A ) C P – problem E- expected level A- actual Level C = Concern level Influenced by many factors Political & legal Social & economical Professional Organizational Individual

Definition of the Problem Clearly indicate the extent of the problem. Qualify and quantify

c. Formulating Problem Statement Background to the problem Brief description of socio-economic , cultural characteristics importance of healthcare problem Few illustrative statistics Description of nature of problem Major factors contributed to the problem Previous studies performed in the past Quantify and quality the problem Justification / importance of this problem What , where , when and who ,……………

Examples of a problem statement There is overcrowding of the Medical clinics of the teaching hospitals in Sri Lanka 2012, causing many difficulties to the patients , staff and the image of the hospitals , which needed immediate rectification. There is a considerable amount of Nurse turn over in the world today causing hardships to the health system due to the increase work load , irrespective of the perks offered by the hospitals . This has to be investigated and find solutions immediately .

3. Problem Analysis Cause and effect diagram Place objectives Study and analyze the problem

Study the problem Identify key stakeholders and ensure the ‘right’ people participate Collect relevant background information Ensure lessons learned from previous similar issues are considered Prepare a problem tree / fish bone which provides a simplified but robust version of reality

Analysis ..... Purpose: to identify major problems and their main causal relationships. Output: a graphical arrangement of problems differentiated according to ‘causes’ and ‘effects

Analysis List causes List effects Main causes – categories Sub causes Sub effects

Find the causes and effects to the problem STAGE 01 Find the causes and effects to the problem List causes and list effects This is done though Brainstorming Available literature Observing Draw problem tree / fish bone diagram STAGE 02 Categorize causes and effects as per acceptable method ( previous studies)

Methods and Tools Problem Tree Example

Problem Tree

Fish bone Diagram

ACTIVITY 01 Perform problem analysis of the issue that you selected last week after studying previous research and articles ( under following topics) Write the Problem statement Problem analysis WORD DOCUMENT – 1000 WORDS SOFT COPY TO BE E- MAILED BY SUNDAY - drkithsiri@iihsciences.com BOUNDED COPY TO BE HANDED OVER BY MONDAY.

Thank you !