The Physical Geography of Canada What does Canada ‘Look’ like?

Canadian Facts, Eh? Canada is the 1)second largest country in the 2)world (space wise, not population) It is slightly 3)smaller than all of 4)Europe which is made up of 5)45 countries.

Canadian Facts, Eh? Canada is roughly 6)3,300 miles from 7)north to south and 8)3,700 miles from west to 9)east. It only 10)borders 1 country, the United States. 11)90% of Canada is too cold for 12)agriculture to take place.

Landforms and Soils The 13)physical make up of Canada is the result of 14)geologic developments The 15)landscape of Canada was also affected by 16)glaciation and was under a thick sheet of ice called a 17)glacier. Almost all of 18)Canada was under ice sometime during the last 19)1.5 million years. Now only 20)1% is under ice.

Regions of Canada Canada consists of 6 major regions that make up its economic practices. These include: 21)Western Cordillera Prairie Plains 23)Canadian Shield Arctic North 24)St. Lawrence Lowlands Atlantic Region

Western Cordillera It runs along the 25)west coast of North America. The 26)Rocky Mountains are the eastern 27)boundary Major provinces include: 28)British Columbia 29)Yukon Territory

Western Cordillera The region has a 30)maritime climate. The region is a major source of: 31)Lead 32)Zinc 33)Copper 34)Gold The economies in the Western Cordillera are based on 35)logging, 36)mining, and 37)tourism.

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Prairie Plains The word 38)prairie usually refers to a type of 39)grassland True prairies occur 40)only in the far southern reaches of 41)Alberta and 42)Saskatchewan Dry 43)semi-arid climates in the brown soil 44)regions Dry 45)Humid Continental climates in the outer dark brown and 46)black soil areas

Prairie Plains This 47)region experience about 12 to 15 inches of annual 48)precipitation in the 49)semi-arid areas The 50)Continental experiences 16 to 20 inches 51)Manitoba is generally the 52)coldest and most 53)humid of the three prairie provinces.

Prairie Plains The 54)prairies include the entire area of all 55)three of those provinces This region is known as the 56)Prairie Provinces Historically this region was called the 57)Canadian Northwest or simply “58)The West“.

Prairie Economics Primary industries include agriculture: 59) Wheat Barley 60) Canola Oats 61) Cattle and sheep ranching.

Prairie Economics 62)Natural resources such as 63)tar sands and other forms of 64)oil production can be found on the 65)plains. Secondary 66)industries consist of the 67)refinement of oils and 68)agriculture processing.

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Canadian Shield 69)Largest region that includes most of 70)Quebec, Ontario, northern 71)Manitoba, northern Saskatchewan, 72)Nunavut and half of the 73)NWT. A varied 74)landscape with lots of 75)bog, muskeg, drumlins, eskers and 76)lake basins.

Canadian Shield It has a very rich 77)mining including: 78)Nickel Uranium 79)Gold Silver 80)Copper Mostly covered by 81)Boreal forest It also have areas of dense 82)soil were many 83)marshes and bogs are found.

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Arctic North The 84)North region is located above the line of continuous 85)permafrost It borders the 86)Arctic Ocean and 87)Hudson Bay Permafrost is 88)soil that remains 89)frozen for more than 90)2 years.

Arctic North It includes a major part of the 91)NWT Small parts of: 92)Yukon Manitoba 93)Ontario Quebec

Arctic Population and Cities Over 20 94)Aboriginal bands live in the 95)region Also over 30, 000 96)Inuit live in the area. Earliest 97)Europeans came around 1500s during the age of 98)exploration.

The Arctic Economy: Then and Now 99)Gold discoveries in the Yukon in the 100)1890s and mining finds in the 102)1930s brought more significant 103)settlements. In recent years, 104)oil and gas exploration in the 105)Beaufort Sea and 106)Arctic Ocean have brought more 107)people Trapping and 108)fishing. Mineral Resources: 109)gas and oil deposits have been found. Metallic minerals have also been found, including 110)zinc, iron ore, 111)lead, and, most recently, 112)diamonds

Pictures from the North

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St. Lawrence Lowlands Also referred to as the 113)Great Lakes Region Very 114)small region that includes 115)southern tips of 116)Ontario and 117)Quebec. However, includes 118)50% of Canada’s 119)population.

St. Lawrence Lowlands Extremely 120)fertile soils result in great 121)agriculture. Some 122) crops that grow well are : 123)Tobacco Peaches 124)Cherries Grapes 125)Apples Hay 126)Carrots

St. Lawrence Lowlands The area is also known for its 127)construction materials. 128)Clay has been used for 129)brick and 130)tile 131)Sand and 132)gravel deposits are exploited for 133)road metal and 134)construction material. Its the country’s 135)largest manufacturing area

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Atlantic Region Covers 136)2 percent of Canada’s area. Includes: 137)Nova Scotia New Brunswick 138)Prince Edward Island Its bound together by 139)fisheries and 140)forests. In total has about 141)7,000 miles of shoreline

Atlantic Region In the 142)20th century, the Atlantic provinces 143)faltered with slow economic and 144)population growth 145)Offshore oil and gas development 146)promises to quicken the 147)economic pace.

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Surface Waters in Canada Canada has 148)5 main drainage basins: 149)Hudson Bay Arctic Ocean 150)Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean 151)Gulf of Mexico These 152)drainage basins not only 153)cycle water around our 154)country, but also can be used for 155)transportation, opportunities for 156)power (hydro dams), fishing, 157)recreation