Cruise Ship Industry in the Caribbean Victoria Miller & Isaac Jones

Industry Fastest growing tourism industry worldwide More than 230 operating ships Annual growth rate of 7.4% (1990 – 2007) High demand and capacity rates Majority of passengers are American Carnival introduced ‘fun ship’ in 1972 Dominated by Carnival, 44.3% market share About a third of all cruises worldwide go to Caribbean Total worldwide ocean cruise capacity at the end of 2018 will be 537,000 passengers and 314 ships In 2016, 24.2 million people went on cruises

Stayover Tourists Spend More Average of a week on a cruise, not nearly as much contributed to local economy

Types of Cruises Port of call Home ports (very uncommon in Caribbean) Most common Home ports (very uncommon in Caribbean) Fairly uncommon (small cruise lines) Generates more for local economy Private Islands Leased and controlled by cruise line Becoming more common Benefits home country the least Country benefits from selling goods, little in taxes -In 2016, passengers spent an average of less than 5 hours on shore Mostly seen in mediteranean, where ship stops in different locations in registered country Cruise sets up and has all events planned out, usually get americans to teach fishing, snorkeling lessons ect.

Pros: Impact of the Pros: How is it so affordable? Affordable “flag-of-convenience” What do they plan for you? Shops owned by US and other Countries Tours planned on board Where is the food coming from? Not the host country Contributes to global economy, while taking away from local economies Buy islands Affordable Easy, planned itinerary Endless food Contributes to the global economy and creates local jobs in the Caribbean Fake ‘Caribbean paradise’

“Flag-of-convenience” Ships are registered in foreign countries Passengers pay no taxes while on cruise ship Avoid taxes and regulations (labor and environment) Few employees are native to the Caribbean Ex. Carnival is based in florida but register in panama to take advantage of taxes. For entertainment and business they hire mostly whiteys

Planned Itinerary Picked destinations based on departure tax Advertise island businesses that are owned or contracted by company Passengers don’t see the reality or get full experience Limited time for local competing shops Countries must invest millions to accommodate Destinations had to have low taxes, a comforting community and keep up with the demands including larger ports Now have a unified tax rate but cruise industry influences the local economy drastically - Cruise lines would threaten to skip a destination if they upped the departure tax

Food and Drinks Food on the ship mostly comes from America Find cheapest product if possible All you can eat leads to lots of waste Not much is spent at locally owned restaurants Food must fit the taste americans are used to Most Caribbean producers cant meet their demands Supplies often come from places like Taiwan and Hong Kong

Environment -> Waste Generated Weekly Bilge water Water that collects in the bottom of the hull (oil, grease, other contaminants) Sewage Graywater (sinks, showers, laundry) Ballast water Water taken onboard or discharged from a vessel to maintain stability Solid waste (food and garbage) Air pollution from engines 25,000 gallons of bilge water 210,000 gallons of sewage 1 million gallons of graywater Ballast water (invasive species) 50 tons of solid waste Over 100 gallons of toxic waste

Ecosystems and communities Anchors from cruise liners Carbon emissions Unsustainable water and electricity usage Urban sprawl towards unsustainable jobs that are created Local business receive little of the profits 300 acres of coral reefs destroyed a year City is responsible for taking the loads of waste and supporting electrical needs in short bursts which is a huge load Local marine life is endangered from invasive species and polution

Peace Boat Power all of lighting on ship 10% of propulsion power 40% fewer carbon emissions Wind turbines for when its at port Scheduled to be completed by 2020 http://www.greenmatters.com/renewables/2017/12/18/ZbYG6L/eco-cruise-ship

Discussion Questions What are some sustainable solutions to the problem? Environment wellbeing What are some changes the countries should implement? Community wellbeing

Sources http://www.greenmatters.com/renewables/2017/12/18/ZbYG6L/eco-cruise- ship http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/day_1_cs1_martha_honey_0.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738399000730 https://www.statista.com/statistics/204517/cruise-industry-market-share- worldwide-excluding-north-america/ http://www.f-cca.com/downloads/2017-Cruise-Industry-Overview-Cruise- Line-Statistics.pdf