The Battle of Gallipoli By: Danika K, Allie S, Alex B, Jarrett Chang-Lam

Thesis The Gallipoli Campaign was overall a failed mission by the Allied Powers to secure a sea route to Russia to remove Turkey from the war. However, it succeeded in crippling the Ottoman empire, and through a strong increase in nationalism, raised up the nations of Australia and New Zealand to become players on a global scale.

Gallipoli Campaign of 1915-1916 Was an unsuccessful attempt by the Allied Powers to control sea route from Europe to Russia Started with unsuccessful naval attack by British and French on Dardanelles Straits and Gallipoli Peninsula Hampered by lack of knowledge of terrain World War I was stalled on Western Front by 1915 Russia asked Britain for aid in confronting Turkish invasion in Caucasus, Allies decided to capture straits to kick Turkey out If things went as planned, Allies would link up with Russia in Black Sea and kick Turkey out of the war

Planned by Winston Churchill, First Lord of British Admiralty The general was Ian Hamilton 78,000 troops Mostly British, some were French, Australian and New Zealand Turkish fire and mines sank three ships and damaged three more Allies launched invasion on Gallipoli Peninsula on April 25, 1915 Two main assaults British at Cape Hellas Australian and New Zealand at Ari Burna Indecision among allies stalled progress; Ottoman reinforcements were able to arrive Decided to evacuate after casualties kept rising and ended up in trench warfare Three-stage evacuation Began in December 1915 and ended in January 1916

Impact on the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was crippled and would not have much more of a role to play in the rest of WWI Mustafa Kemal, a Turkish Lieutenant Colonel, gained recognition for his leadership during the battle and after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, he helped found the Republic of Turkey and was its first president.

Impact on Britain The Campaign was ultimately a failure leading a loss of troops and not much else Winston Churchill as the engineer of the Gallipoli campaign was forced to resign from his position of First Lord of the British Admiralty

Impact on Australia and New Zealand Gallipoli was the first and last time that Australia or New Zealand allowed Britain to command their troops. They would later command their own men and take responsibility for their own military successes or failures The heroism of the ANZAC (Australia and New Zealand Army Corps) gained them recognition on a more global scale Australia and New Zealand were no longer seen as second rate countries

Works Cited "Battle of Gallipoli." World History: The Modern Era, ABC-CLIO, 2017, worldhistory.abc-clio.com. Accessed 31 Jan. 2017. "Gallipoli and the Anzacs." Evacuation of Anzac, Dec 1915 | North Beach and the Sari Bair Range | Gallipoli and the Anzacs. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2017. History.com Staff. "Battle of Gallipoli." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 31 Jan. 2017. History of World War I: War and Responses 1914-1916; Victory and Defeat 1917-1918; Home Fronts/Technologies of War. New York: Marshall Cavandish, 2002. Print.