1. By: Haylie, Grace, Daya, and Isaiah
Battles of Ypres
By: Haylie, Grace, Daya, and Isaiah

2. Background Ypres- town in northwestern Belgium
Fought on the western front
British, French and Belgian soldiers (Allied Forces) Vs Germans
Three major battles
Ypres Salient: area around Ypres where battles took place

3. Who was Involved General Erich Von Falkenhayn (First Battle)
German Commander
Attempted to counter by attacking left flank
Shifted the battle of Ypres towards the north.

4. Who was Involved Horace Smith-Dorrien (Second Battle)
British Commander
Sent Canadians to secure the opening in British line caused by German gas bombs.

5. 1st battle

6. 1st battle (October-November, 1914)
Germans already controlled city of Antwerp
Germans aimed to break allied lines
October 19th ,Germans looking for fight; Allies resisted → looking to attack
November 22nd, Winter weather put Battle to a halt
Ultimately, Both sides had heavy losses

7. 2nd Battle

8. 2nd battle (April-May, 1915) German forces attacked the salient
In response, French employed the use of poison gas; first time in history
The Allied troops fled
Canadians stayed and fought → death

9. Strategy: Use of Poison Gases
French threw tear-gas grenades
Germans retaliated; used chlorine and later mustard gas
corrosive effect on the lungs
Germans fired more than 150 tons of chlorine gas to Western Front at Ypres
devastated allied line
Two German soldiers and their mule wearing gas masks in 1916

10. Result
Germans failed to capitalize on the advantage the gas attack gave
Result: Germans recovered salient, but still unable to capture Ypres
69,000 of Allied Forces died
Neither side “won”
Use of poison gas set tone for rest of WW1

11. 3rd Battle

12. 3rd battle (July-November, 1917)
Allies captured Messines Ridge by tunneling and exploding mines under German lines
Destroyed the drainage system
Lost supplies
Commanders refused to stop attacking Germany, even though breakthrough was impossible
Resulted in many casualties
Germany lost battle to Britain and Canada

13. Before
After

14. Impacts of the Battles of Ypres
1st Battle: Stabilized Western Front and emergence of trench warfare
2nd Battle: First time poison gas was used as a weapon
3rd Battle: One of the highest numbers of casualties, Britain + Canada won

15. Works Cited
“Battles of Ypres.” History in Literature, Facts On File, 2004, History Research Center, online.infobase.com/Article/Details/45539?q=battle of ypres.
Ieper, Stad. Battles of the Ypres Salient. Digital image. The Ypres Salient Battlefields, Belgium. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb
John Simkin. "Spartacus Educational." Spartacus Educational. Spartacus Educational, n.d. Web. 09 Feb
Legg, Joanna. Prelude to the Second Battle of Ypres. Digital image. Great War. Greatwar.co.uk, n.d. Web. 9 Feb
Mills, Holly. The Battle of Passchendaele. Digital image. Weebly, n.d. Web. 9 Feb
Watts, Tim. "Battle of Passchendaele." World History: The Modern Era, ABC-CLIO, 2017, worldhistory.abc-clio.com. Accessed 9 Feb
Watts, Tim. "Battle of Ypres." World History: The Modern Era, ABC-CLIO, 2017, worldhistory.abc-clio.com. Accessed 8 Feb. 2017