The Rise and Fall of the Guomindang (The Nationalist Party)

The Struggles of the New Republic 1911 Revolution- Sun Yat-sen/Yixian Wanted to replace Qing Forms Nationalist Party/Guomindang Party Qing falls China  Republic -From a poor, rural family -Educated in the west (Hawaii) medical school in Hong Kong -Goal was to modernize and unify China -Sun is elected provisional president Part of 1911 Revolution “Father of Chinese Revolution” Three Principles of the People: Nationalism: End foreign domination Democracy: Representative govt. Livelihood: Create economic security

WWI Leads to More Problems 1917-China declares war against Germany Wanted spheres of influence returned Treaty of Versailles-gave territories to Japan May 4th Movement (1919)-Protested Treaty in Beijing Spread to other cities Hopes allied victory would lead to the return of control of China to Chinese Students protested Treaty in Beijing Beijing-“Down with European Imperialists” & “Boycott Japan” Mao Zedong

Formation of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Young Chinese against w. democracy Favor Lenin’s form of Communism 1921- Form Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Mao Zedong among founders

The Guomindang (The Nationalist Party) 1925-Sun dies Chiang Kai-Shek/Jiang Jieshi takes over Guomindang Followers tended to be wealthy

Guomindang and CCP-Allies & Enemies March north together to conquer warlords that had taken over 1927-Nationalists into Shanghai Nearly wipe out CCP 1928-Chiang becomes pres. of Nationalist Republic of China Jiang was afraid CCP would set up command economy like the one in USSR

Civil War 1930- CCP gets support of peasants in countryside Recruited for Red Army Attacked by Nationalist army but never driven out Realizing possible defeat, members of CCP fled Lenin-Communism based in cities (workers/proletariat) Mao-Communism based on peasants “Swimming in the peasant sea”

The Long March October 1934-100,000 set out from Jianxi Mao Zedong was elected Chairman of the party at the end of the march Autumn 1935-reached the mtns in the N Regroup & launch new offensives 1/10 of those who started were still alive 90,000 began march; 7,000 ended march Communists is bad shape Two things in favor Peasant Support Japanese Invasion of China

Japanese Invasion 1931-Japanese invaded Manchuria 1937-Used Manchuria to invade China “The Rape of Nanjing” December 1937-March 1938: >300,000 Chinese slaughtered ~80,000 women/girls raped Mutilated or murdered Communists &Nationalist join forces against Japanese 1945-Japanese defeated 1931-Japanese invaded Manchuria in to obtain mineral resources. Part of WWII CCP and Nat’lists put aside civil war to focus on Japan

Remains of Chinese Children Bayoneted by Japanese Soldiers

Unit 731 Used biochemical warfare Vivisection-live dissection The infected and vivisected prisoners included men, women, children, and infants. Vivisections were performed on prisoners after infecting them with various diseases. Scientists performed invasive surgery on prisoners, removing organs to study the effects of disease on the human body. Conducted while the patients were alive because it was feared that the decomposition process would affect the results Prisoners had limbs amputated in order to study blood loss Those limbs that were removed were sometimes re-attached to the opposite sides of the body.[ Some prisoners‘ limbs were frozen and amputated, while others had limbs frozen then thawed to study the effects of the resultant untreated gangrene and rotting. Some prisoners had their stomachs surgically removed and the esophagus reattached to the intestines Parts of the brain, lungs, liver, etc. were removed from some prisoners.

Civil War Renewed 1946-Civil war broke out again Nationalists supported by US Controlled southwestern China Did little to win support Communist supported by USSR Controlled much of Northern China Post-WWII-Domino theory and fear that communism would spread

Victory for CCP Cities fall to CCP one by one 1949-CCP, led by Mao, wins control of China Proclaims People’s Republic of China Chiang and other Nationalists flee to Taiwan

Important Info to Know Guomindang SunYat-sen May 4th Movement CCP/Communist Party Mao Zedong Chiang Kai-shek Long March Rape of Nanjing PRC/People’s Republic of China